- StudyBlue
- Nevada
- Touro University (NV)
- Physician Assistant
- Physician Assistant Pa 2013 Session 1
- Tsai
- PH1 01: Cell Membranes and Transmembrane Transport
PH1 01: Cell Membranes and Transmembrane Transport
Physician Assistant Pa 2013 Session 1 with Tsai at Touro University (NV)
About this deck
By: John Yaw-Jong Tsai
Created: 2011-07-23
Size: 18 flashcards
Views: 53
Created: 2011-07-23
Size: 18 flashcards
Views: 53
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What is the total fluid % in a healthy male?
What is the ratio of ECF to ICF?
What is the ratio of interstitial fluid (ISF) to plasma?
What is the ratio of ECF to ICF?
What is the ratio of interstitial fluid (ISF) to plasma?
60%
ECF : ICF
1 : 2
ISF : plasma
3 : 1
ECF : ICF
1 : 2
ISF : plasma
3 : 1
Define osmotic pressure
How is it measured?
How is it measured?
osmotic pressure is the pressure applied to a solution to prevent inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane
atmospheres (atm)
millimeters height of Hg in a 1 cm2 area (mmHg)
atmospheres (atm)
millimeters height of Hg in a 1 cm2 area (mmHg)
Define osmolarity
How is it measured?
How is it measured?
osmolarity is the number of particles per liter
mol/L = osmol = Osm
osmol = molarity in mol/L x dissociation constant of substance
substances that do not dissociate, dissociation constant = 1
mol/L = osmol = Osm
osmol = molarity in mol/L x dissociation constant of substance
substances that do not dissociate, dissociation constant = 1
What is the approx. osmolarity of human body?
How would two solutions with equal osmolarity be termed in relation to one another?
How would two solutions with equal osmolarity be termed in relation to one another?
~280-300 mOsm
isosmotic
isosmotic
How would you term two solutions of differing osmolarity in relation to one another?
solution of lower osmolarity is hyposmotic to higher solution
solution of higher osmolarity is hyperosmotic to lower solution
solution of higher osmolarity is hyperosmotic to lower solution
Relate osmolarity to water and its concentration gradient
osmolarity is due to water moving down its concentration gradient
Contrast hypo-/hyper-tonic solutions as related to shrinking/swelling of a cell placed in that solution
hypotonic = less solute than cell
in hypotonic solution, water enters it
(cell bursts)
hypertonic = more solutes than cell
in hypertonic solution, water leaves it
(cell shrinks)
in hypotonic solution, water enters it
(cell bursts)
hypertonic = more solutes than cell
in hypertonic solution, water leaves it
(cell shrinks)
Define tonicity
What two factors predict tonicity?
What two factors predict tonicity?
tonicity reflects the physiological response to a solution
predicted by osmolarity and permeability of a membrane to solutes
predicted by osmolarity and permeability of a membrane to solutes
What properties make a substance an effective osmole?
effective osmoles do not cross membrane barriers
they remain behind barrier to 'pull' water across membrane
they remain behind barrier to 'pull' water across membrane
Can osmolarity alone predict tonicity?
Why?
Why?
no
tonicity is not a question of osmolarity
but also membrane permeability to particular solutes
tonicity is not a question of osmolarity
but also membrane permeability to particular solutes
Is osmolarity the same as equivalence?
Why?
Why?
no
osmolarity = number of particles in a solution
equivalence = valence of ions
osmolarity = number of particles in a solution
equivalence = valence of ions
What is the osmolarity and equivalence of 1M NaCl and 1M CaCl2?
NaCl ---> Na+ + Cl-
2 mol/L (osmol)
2 charge equivalents
CaCl2 --> Ca2+ + 2Cl-
3 mol/L (osmol)
4 charge equivalents
2 mol/L (osmol)
2 charge equivalents
CaCl2 --> Ca2+ + 2Cl-
3 mol/L (osmol)
4 charge equivalents
Place RBCs in 300 mmol/L of sucrose and 300 mmol/L urea
RBCs burst in urea solution, but not sucrose
Why?
Which is the effective osmole?
RBCs burst in urea solution, but not sucrose
Why?
Which is the effective osmole?
RBCs permeable to urea but not sucrose
urea enters cell, drawing water in
RBCs burst
sucrose cannot cross membrane
sucrose is effective osmole
urea enters cell, drawing water in
RBCs burst
sucrose cannot cross membrane
sucrose is effective osmole
Crenation of RBCs occurs in hypertonic or hypotonic solutions?
crenation = shape of shrunken RBC
RBCs shrink in hypertonic solution
(more solutes outside, water leaves RBC)
RBCs shrink in hypertonic solution
(more solutes outside, water leaves RBC)
How does cholesterol determine permeability of cell membrane to water?
cholesterol intercalated in fatty acids of phospholipids
non-polar = hydrophobic = no water can pass
more cholesterol makes membrane less permeable to water
non-polar = hydrophobic = no water can pass
more cholesterol makes membrane less permeable to water
Define Fick's Law
diffusion rate of substance A
= concentration gradient of A x membrane permeability to A x surface area of membrane
diffusion rate increased by
higher concentration gradient
higher membrane permeability
higher membrane surface area
= concentration gradient of A x membrane permeability to A x surface area of membrane
diffusion rate increased by
higher concentration gradient
higher membrane permeability
higher membrane surface area
What is the carbohydrate composition of blood types O, A, B and AB?
O = R-GlcNAc -- Gal -- Fuc
A = R-GlcNAc -- Gal -- Fuc -- GalNAc
B = R-GlcNAc -- Gal -- Fuc -- Gal
AB = both A and B
A = R-GlcNAc -- Gal -- Fuc -- GalNAc
B = R-GlcNAc -- Gal -- Fuc -- Gal
AB = both A and B
Can carrier proteins ever form a continuous passageway between ECF and ICF?
List the types of transporters
List the types of transporters
no - carrier proteins open to one side at a time
uniporter
one molecule at a time
cotransporter
two or more molecules at a time
symporter
two or more molecules in one direction
antiporter
two or more molecules in opposite directions
uniporter
one molecule at a time
cotransporter
two or more molecules at a time
symporter
two or more molecules in one direction
antiporter
two or more molecules in opposite directions
About this deck
By: John Yaw-Jong Tsai
Created: 2011-07-23
Size: 18 flashcards
Views: 53
Created: 2011-07-23
Size: 18 flashcards
Views: 53
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy