01_lecture1.ppt

Welcome to Chemistry 132 Spring 2009 Section 3 Dr. Layman Course Instructor Dr. Layman Office: PCB 3140 Office Hours: TBA Problem Sessions: TBA Tel: 568-1656 laymanka@jmu.edu Course Information Syllabus ? please read it carefully! Blackboard ? check it frequently for daily PowerPoint slides, weekly ARIS assignments, and announcements. Grading Scheme No make-up activities Hour Exams (55-75%): Friday, February 6, 2009 Friday, March 6, 2009 Wednesday, April 1, 2009 Friday, April 24, 2009 Lowest Hour exam will be dropped In-Class Activities (0-20%): Workshops 1 excused workshop absence CPS (a.k.a. Clickers) 90% answering, 10% correct 3 lowest scores will be dropped ARIS/Textbook Problems (10-20%): ARIS is useful but insufficient Class code is posted on Blackboard Final Exam (25%) Monday, May 3, 2010 at 8:00-10:00 AM Cumulative (Chem 131 and Chem 132) Extra Credit up to 1 extra points on each hour exam twice during the semester ? video or similar ? how it relates to the last class ? chemical explanation Index Cards-- Front Name Year Major Dorm Random Fact Index Cards-- Back Math classes completed Math classes in which you are currently enrolled I would like to work with the following individuals during the Workshops: Why are you taking chemistry? Why is chemistry unique? understanding the natural world at the molecular level biology earth sciences physics Objectives for Chemistry 132 continue to understand the world from an atomic and molecular level perspective REACTIONS 1. How quickly do reactions occur? 2. What remains when the reaction is done? 3. What is the driving force? 4. How can we explain reactions at a molecular level? 132: higher expectations CONTENT MASTERY learn vocabulary & quantitative relationships read work problems interconnect ideas & visualize the molecular level explain macroscopic phenomena in molecular terms transfer ideas to new problems apply and integrate concepts + UNDERSTANDING Wednesday?s Clicker Question: My black lab is named after a periodic element. Her name can be shortened to my grandmother?s name. In addition, she shares the same name (when shortened) as the individual that said ?Wherever you go, I will go.? What is her name? Molybdenum shortened to Molly Potassium shortened to Kay Californium shortened to Callie Ruthenium shortened to Ruth Samarium shortened to Sam 1 additional CPS drop for answering; 2 additional CPS drops if answer is correct Questions? For Wednesday Review chapter 3 Review section 12.3 Read sections 13.1 - 13.2 Learning objectives Learn how to construct molecular level pictures Know the difference in pure substances and solutions Understand the difference between types of intermolecular forces, bonds, and their relative strengths Understand the factors that affect melting/boiling point, vapor pressure, and solubility Enthalpy: the dummy?s definition Heat energy associated with bonding changes Breaking a bond: H2 ? H + H Making a bond: H + H ? H2 Molecular level pictures s vs. l vs. g vs. aq What?s the difference? CH2CH2OH(s) CH2CH2OH(l) CH2CH2OH(g) CH2CH2OH(aq) ATTRACTIVE FORCES Intramolecular forces bonding forces These forces exist within each molecule. They influence the chemical properties of the substance. Intermolecular forces nonbonding forces Electrostatic interactions between molecules. They influence the physical properties of the substance. Intramolecular vs Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces: (Forces between molecules) 1. Hydrogen bonding 2. Dipole - dipole forces 3. Dispersion forces (London) Intramolecular forces: (Bonding within a molecule) 1. Ionic 2. Covalent 3. Metallic Review Chapter 12, Section 3 London Dispersion Forces Temporary dipole for a very short time. Induced dipole developed from interaction with neighbor. Dipole Forces Phase Transitions and Intermolecular Forces Strength of Intermolecular Forces High boilng point/melting point Or High DHvap/DHfus = Strong Intermolecular Interactions Low boilng point/melting point Or Low DHvap/DHfus = Weak Intermolecular Interactions Aqueous - it?s just a type of solution! What is a solution? What can make a solution? Sapphires Blue = Ti, Fe Purple = V Green, yellow = Fe Pink = Cr Ruby Red = Cr