11 Chapter 28 2/13/12

StudyBlue printing of 11 Chapter 28 2/13/12 html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; background: transparent; } body { line-height: 1; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } /* remember to define focus styles! */ :focus { outline: 0; } /* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */ ins { text-decoration: none; } del { text-decoration: line-through; } /* tables still need 'cellspacing="0"' in the markup */ table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* end RESET */ .header { min-width:800px; } .logo { padding:6px 20px 2px 20px; margin:0; font-size:25px; font-weight:bold; color:#808285; position:relative; border-bottom: 1px solid #c5c5c5; } .logo-blue { color:#70adc4; } .logo-desc { font-weight:normal; font-size:19px; color:#cccccc; margin-top:50px; position:absolute; display: none; } .back-button { position:absolute; top:20px; right:20px; font-size:13px; line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,175,225); font-weight:normal; } .back-button a { color:rgb(0,175,225); } .instructions { padding:0; margin:0; width:100%; position:relative; color:rgb(100,100,100); } .step-holder { border-left:1px solid #ededed; margin-left:20px; } .steps { padding:15px 0; float:left; width:24%; border-right:1px solid #ededed; text-align:center; } .steps-01 { } .steps-02 { } .steps-03 { } .steps-04 { } .label { padding:5px 10px; } .print-button { } .print-button a { background-color:rgb(0,175,225); color:white; line-height: 19px; padding:9px 8px 5px 30px; font-size:14px; text-decoration:none; background-image: url(images/printer.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 7px 50%; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; } .print-button a:hover { background-color:black; } .theNote .content { width: 8.0in !important; margin: 5px auto; padding:20px; background-color:white; } .theNote .header { border-bottom: 1px dashed #C8C8C8; font-size: 17px; padding: 0 0 10px; line-height: 19px; color: #00ADE1; min-width:500px; } .theNote .body { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 10px 0; } .theNote{ padding:6px 0; clear:both; background-color: rgb(200,200,200); } .theNote h3{ color: rgb(100,100,100); } .theNote h1, .theNote h3{ background-color:white; padding:2px 20px; width:8.0in !important; margin: 0 auto; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1{ padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1:first-child{ font-size: 20px; } .theNote h3 { font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; } #options { border: 3px double #ccc; padding: 5px 12px; margin: 10px 50px 10px 20px; float: left; } #info { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding-top: 5px; font-style: italic; } li { margin: 5px 10px 5px 25px; } ul li { list-style: disc; } ol li { list-style: decimal; } img { border: 0; } table { clear: both; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; border-width: 1px 0; margin: 0; page-break-after: always; } table#page { page-break-after: auto; } td { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; height: 1.75in; width: 50%; padding-left: 15px; } .leftside { border-right: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 0 15px 0 0; } .bottom td { border-bottom: none; } .clearfix { clear:both; line-height:1px; height:1px; } img { max-width:80%; max-height:150px; margin:20px; } @media print {.header { display: none; } .content .header{ display:inherit; } table { border: 1px dashed #bbb; border-width: 1px 0; } .theNote{ background-color:white; } } 29.4, 5, 7,8, 9, 13, 15 SUGGESTIONS FOR STUDYING practice quizes teaching staff go to plus read the book tables at the end of the each chapter study difference between organisms for ex: diplomonoads and parabasalids have modified mitochondria that lack an electron transport chain 1. what is an electron transport chain and what does it do? 2. electrons removed from ......... in outline for class ORGANISMS OF THE DAY- NAKED MOLE RAT Eusocial resistance to cancer lack of pain sensation closely related to hedgehogs, porcupines, and guinea pigs Previous week: clarification oomycetes (clade, group) within in the super group chromalveolata Diversity of stramenopiles Stramen=straw pilos=hair >> also has one smoot flagellum diatoms,golden algae, Chlorophyta and planst ****important slide**** *many similarties with plants -chlorophyll A & B -storage CHO: starch inside plastids -cell walls: somtimes celluose -some species have plasmodesmata a channel connecting cytoplasm *charophyta* most closely related to land plants links between charophytes and land plants 1. protein rings synthesize cellulose -higher % cellulose in cell walls 2. peroxisome enzymes -minimize loss of organic products 3. flagellated sperm -structurally similar 4. formation of a phragmoplast -forms new cell wall during cytokinesis 5. genetic data (DNA sequences oomycetes *water molds, white rusts, and downy mildews -decomposers and parasites of plants and animals *historically-fungi -oomycete="egg fungus" -lack plastids *many fungi-like features -BUT - FLAGELLATED CELLS (FUNGI DO NOT) **phytophora infestans -potato late blight -over 1 mil died in ireland -major emigration from ireland PYTHIOSIS (definition of a cankle.... hahaha) Diatoms- **all unicellular -100,000 species *glass like appearance to the cell walls -silica imbedded in the cell wall -strong cell walls -withstand high pressure and live deeep deep in the ocean **reproduction is typically asexual -plates come apart and a new, smaller plate is made *ecologial and economic importance _diatomaceous earth *extensive deposits of fossilized diatoms *mined for lots of uses, including filtering -nanotechnology *studying cell wall formation made in silica chips* example< Brown Algae *large, complex algae -multicellular -mostly marine *brown/olive color *habitat -intertidal/ coastal algae -temperate, cool waters ex: bull kelp Complex body of kelp (thallus) *holdfast - attach to substrate stipe- stemlike; supports Ecological importance: kelp"'forests" breeding and feeding areas Economic importance: -cuisine Laminaria "kombu"used in soups *cultivated on ropes in japan and korea algin-used as a smoothing and thickening additive Archeaplastida Red algae (rhodophyta) Diverse bodies -multicellular -"leafy"filamentous, corraline (reefs) Lack flagella -unlike any other algae "red"color -pigments: phycoerythrin -Not always red (blackish to green) *habitat: mostly marine (some freshwater and soil) tropical, warm waters coastal shallows to deep waters (260meters) Ecomomic importance: Asian cuisine: nori carageenan Agar: culture media exological importance coral reef communities deep water communities Green Algae are not monophyletic Embryophyta: plants with embryos land plants *not all terrestrial *embryos protect growing seeds!! How are these things related? Ancient groups are all found in water: red algae chlorophytes and charophytes-must avoid dehydration Greeen Algae (chloraphyta) 2 main groups chlorophytes and charophytes very diverse unicellular to multicellular filamentous, colonial not monophyletic *habitat: -freshwater to marine terrestrial: soil, snow -symbiotic: lichens what do reign deer eat? algae ... lichen spirogyra- chlamydomonas nivalis -watermelon snow /blood snow ini quiz what is a plant? Varied opinions, bor for this class.... 1. photosynthetic autotrophs (usually) 2. mulicellular eukaryotescell walls composed of cellulose 4. chloroplasts with chlorophyll a and b 5. storage CHO=starch 6. alternation of multicellular generations Genearl life cycle Diploid (2N) >>"reductions division">> meiosis >> haploid (N)>> fusion of egg and sperm>> fertilization Animal life cycle Mulitcellular>(2n) >> mitosis>> ovary and testes>> meiosis>> Gametes (n)>>unicellular>> Fertilization (zygote) >> mitosis>back to beginning alternation of generations: plants Gametophyte(n)>> multicellular produces gametes>>mitosis>>fertilization>>zygote>>mitosis>> sporophyte (2n) multicellular produces spores>> mitosis>> spores meiosis>>mitosis>>> back to beginning Land plant features *alternation of multicellular generations *multicellualr sex organs formed on gametophyite "sterile protective layer of cells *multicellualr, dependent embryos -retained and fed by Land plant features apical meristem: for roots and shoots spores with sporopollenin durable organic polymer *many other trerrestrial adaptations -cuticle, vascular tissue