1/29 Western Zhou.doc

Western Zhou (1045-771 BCE) Conquest of Shang Mythical Kings Wu and Wen Wu- means marshal Wu starts it His son is king Wen Duke of Zhou After Wen Helps legitimize this dynasty Famous Solidifies the mandate of heaven( seen as a genius ruler Mandate of heaven -heaven has a will -idea that if you are a ruler, and you screw up, you are no longer virtuous( heaven will send you warnings that tell you that you are screwing up natural disasters will worsen, and you will lose the mandate of heaven ( support) and a new leader will rise up and you are done keep the idea of the god (di) add the Zhou idea of heaven when they conquer Shang heaven has its own entity, can influence the lines of humans entity, its not really a place, can get involved in daily lives when the Zhou take over the Shang, they are very respectful and use the mandate of heaven to legitimize there take over of the Shang cuz the Shang had a bad emperor the new dynasty always rewrites the history of the previous dynasty thus the previous dynasty is shown as bad Japanese do not have mandate of heaven, Chinese do Japan- the heavenly sovereign in Japan cant lose mandate of heaven cuz he is heaven( thus emperors are divine 3 types of heaven- impersonal, personal conscious entity that gets involved (mandate of heaven), heaven as sky documents developed during this time I Ching- book of changes- throw sticks and they make patterns Used as a philosophical text and future telling Yin and Yang This is further developed later Iron technology Coins in shape of knives markets develop Eastern Zhou (770-256 BCE) there are 7 mini states than 11 New capital: Luoyang Split into two periods 1) Spring and Autumn (770-481 BCE) Spring- beginning part Autmn- Both- supposed to be an golden age/ perfect age 2) Warring States (403-221 BCE) During this time there is a flowering of Chinese philosophy ?Hundred Schools of thought? termed by Sima Qian (the ?grand historian? from the Han dynasty-first century BCE) people going around the country trying to sell their knowledge to the leaders of various states trying to teach rulers how to rule effectively 1) over people 2) over army, and take over state next to you geared toward the elite the time when you first get the writings of Confucius Confucius term coined from Jesuits in china its not called Confucianism it?s a construct( people of modern times use this term as a term for convince Kung Qiu, ?kung Fuzji? (master Kung) 550-479 BCE-( (Confucius) Born in the state of Lu went around trying to sell his knowledge for his job picks up students along the way Five Classics: Book of Rites Book of Songs (poems) Book of Documents Book of Changes (I Ching) Spring and Autumn Annals Post Confucius Works?the ?Confucian Classics? The Analects( Most famous The Doctrine of the Mean The Great Learning Mencius These are about how does one lead a nobel life Important ideas in writings: The Five Relationships?importance of filial Should be respectful to your parents, they are better than you This idea is very important in this culture( comes from this Influences law, don?t cut hair, Killing brother is not as bad as killing father 1) Husband and Wife 2) Father Son( most important 3) ruler and subject 4) older brother and younger brother 5) Friend and friend these are the only ones that are supposed to be equal (but there is social hierarchy) this is also between strangers this shows that the ruler could be a screw up, so not as important, dad doesn?t screw up father son is also the first one that happens Learning?cultivation Humaneness Reprosity Treat others as how you would like to be treated Idea that leader needs to be benevolent Thus keep taxes low Try not to exploit the people Make people happy by keeping money in their pockets ?rebublicansim? These affect Koreans, Japan, china, and countries that make up Vietnam Confucian thinkers Mencius: theme of humane Xunzi: practicality Mohism: by Mozi rival to Confucianism Universal love: all are equal Science, math, logic Daoism: Laozi, Zhuangzi Private world, the Way