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- Hobson
- 17: Diversity and Abundance
17: Diversity and Abundance
Zoology 3403 with Hobson at University of Oklahoma
About this deck
By: David Choe
Created: 2011-12-13
Size: 18 flashcards
Views: 13
Created: 2011-12-13
Size: 18 flashcards
Views: 13
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What is the Organismic model and who proposed it?
-It was proposed by Clements. Viewed individuals, populations, and communities have a relationship like cells, tissues and organs.
-Said that communities have predictable and distinct associations of species, separate communities, separated by sharp boundaries.
What model challenged the Organismic model?
-The individualistic model, proposed by Gleason, viewed the community as an assemblage of species coexisting primarily because of similarities in their physiological requirements and tolerances.
What are the 9 biodiversity hypotheses that determines the number of species?
-Productivity, Habitat Heterogeneity, Benign/Extreme Environments, History/Time, Low Extinction, Stability, Competition Gradients, Predation Hypothesis, and Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis.
What does the Productivity/Energy Hypothesis state?
-States that more plant biomass in the tropics results in more food for herbivores. A rise in the number of herbivores results in an increase in predator numbers. This yields a greater richness.
What does the Habitat Heterogeneity Hypothesis state?
-Stated by MacArthur that species richness increased with greater habitat complexity. In local richness, complexity is more important than productivity.
What is the Species-Time Hypothesis?
-Suggests that communities become more speciated with time and that temperate regions are less species-rich than tropical regions because they are younger and have only recently recovered from glaciations and severe climatic disruption.
What does the Benign/Extreme Environment Hypothesis state?
-Toxic or harsh environments results in low diversity. The Great Salt Lake brine shrimp feed microbial organisms.
What does the Low Extinction Hypothesis state?
-Extinction rates are lower in tropics because climate is more constant.
What does the Stability Hypothesis state?
-Climatic stability allows greater specialization in resource use. Resource base is more stable and predictable allowing niches to be narrower.
What does the Competition Gradient Hypothesis state?
-Competition limits tropical species abundance. Competition increases niche partitioning and specialization. Temperate latitudes, weather or other abiotic factors are limiting.
What is ecological stability?
-It is a measure of invariability, resistance, and resilience in a community.
What does the Predation Hypothesis state?
-States that tropical species are limited by predators, not resources. When population sizes are low, more resources are available for species to share.
What does the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis state?
-Proposed by Connell, argued that the richest communities occur when the frequency of disturbance is somewhere in the middle. At low disturbance, only competitively dominant species (K) will survive=low species richness. At high disturbance, colonists (r) would thrive.
How can more species be added to a community?
(1) Increase total niche space.
(2) Increase niche overlap.
(3) Decrease niche breadth.
(2) Increase niche overlap.
(3) Decrease niche breadth.
What is White and Pickett's definition of a disturbance?
-Something that disrupts ecological interactions.
-Something that changes the abundance of resources or the physical environment.
-Something that changes the abundance of resources or the physical environment.
What are two main characteristics of disturbance?
-Frequency
-Intensity
-Intensity
What was Sousa's study?
-Sousa studied intermediate disturbance hypothesis in marine intertidal boulders.
-He found that small boulders were easily disturbed by waves and had a small richness of r-selected species. Large boulder were rarely disturbed by waves and had a high richness of K-selected species.
-He found that small boulders were easily disturbed by waves and had a small richness of r-selected species. Large boulder were rarely disturbed by waves and had a high richness of K-selected species.
What did Sousa's study show?
-Boulders with greatest diversity of species were those with intermediate disturbance.
About this deck
By: David Choe
Created: 2011-12-13
Size: 18 flashcards
Views: 13
Created: 2011-12-13
Size: 18 flashcards
Views: 13
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj