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2-25-10 Mook 6: Energy, Arousal, Action Hull?s drive theory Functions for D and for H (habit) Anxiety as Drive Rats ? hours of food deprivation, the longer deprived the faster they run toward food presented; up to 23 hours So, deprived 10 hours = 50% motivation (how fast rat runs to food) Habit strength ? depends on number of reinforced drives: connects stimuli and situation of the response The effect of learning is not drive anymore it is habit Make big gains in learning at the beginning, and reduces Find that across trials from 0-93 repetitions: the course of learning increases positively Maximum learning for a particular test: we know that 50% learning occurs pretty quickly within first 10-15 trials Then he says, H multiplies D Actual performance Excitatory action potential: E = H x D Drive increases good or bad? Depends on strength of response Strong response ? Jesse ?the body? Ventura Weak response ? Walter B. Cannon So PA learning ? easy: high anxiety better So icing the kicker ? what effect? If well practiced, big H, anxiety helps If not well practiced, anxiety hurts OCB ? life ? anxiety ? simple, common behavior What soothed in the past? Why bring Hull up? E = H x D? Ts = Ps x Ms: tendency for success = probability of success x motivation for success Increase tendency for success He leads via generalized D to arousal theory His theory is clear, can be tested: was right about specific subjects, unlike Freud Freud He was a biologist Energy: Bruke Drive: source, object- satisfies, aim ? to reduce energy, Kraft (dis) pleasure principle ? relief from pressure Homeostatic, like Hull Conflict 2 wishes block each other Repress and ?redirect? ? disguise Dora (Ida Bauer) and old Vienna ? father having affair with neighbor and tries to disguise by getting daughter to bone neighbor?s husband Dreams always wish fulfillment Supper party?had a dream wife ate cracker and sardine, because the husband is attracted to another woman at dinner party Childhood seduction: we were all molested by a family member (Freud) he inferred this He started to doubt this bc he couldn?t imagine being molested by family member Certain things came up bc some of the patients could not have been molested Fantasy = reality Freud in another culture Sudhir Kakar, Stories from Indian Psychoanalysis 26 year-old ?M? sleep-mom?s buttocks Dark shape envelopes him Indian culture unlike Vienna Gender boundaries fluid in India Man may wish to be a woman ? M had fantasies of being a woman He wanted to merge with mom Lose independence