222 Fall 2009 Study Guide 1.doc

Fall 2009 ASB222: Buried Cities and Lost Tribes EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 1) TERMS ? be able to define and relate: Anthropology Stratigraphy Archaeology ? interested in the people of the past and their lives based on artifacts and other things found Fresco - (see wall murals) Lapilli ? hailstone sized balls of pumice Data Pyroclastic flow Assyriology Antiquarianism ? focuses on objects of the past rather than on a theory or hypothesis. Not interested about making inferences about people or their lives (treasure hunter) Pompeii premise ? archeological sites represent events in the past that are frozen in time. Rarely holds true. Priam?s Treasure Theory/Theory building Odyssey Hypothesis/Hypothesis testing ? (see test implications) Relics/Reliquaries ? antiquarian. Iliad Test Expectations/Implications ? things you do or find to test a hypothesis (either refute or affirm Tell ? come from Arabic. A mountain formed by people. Manmade features on a landscape. Mounds of mudbrick debris that encapsulate ancient towns and cities. Elgin Marbles ? who owns the past? British Museum. Artifact Assyriology Wall Murals ? fresco (wall mural painted on wet plaster, preserves well, vibrant). Found in pompei and hurculae) Labyrinth Cyclopean Masonry Empiricism/Empirical Data ? you could sense the world around you to record data. Anytime you record data that someone else can record (quantified). (picture drawing, counting cars, mix between men and women) History vs. Myth Cuneiform Material Culture ? product produced by a culture. Products used by people in their culture Epic of Gilgamesh ? first work of literature (poetry). Comes from Mesopotamia. Comes in several forms. Gives rise to Noah and the ark. Ziggurat ? step pyramid. Mesopotamian step pyramid. Tower of babel. Linear A and B ? two languages that come from Crete (Greece) (Minoans ? Kynnosis) (Sir Arthur Evans) (Thessius & Minotaur) Rationalism Renaissance ? renaissance man. Gentleman scholar (independent financial means). Enlightenment (people became more interested in how things came to be and how they worked: rationalism) 2) PLACES ? be able to specify country and relate to NAMES (below): Herculaneum ? Italy. Vesuvius, Pmpeii. Sumer Bunarbashi Pompeii - Italy Nimrud Hissarlik Vesuvius Küyünjuk/Nineveh Troy ? Modern day Turkey Petra Khorsabad Mycenae Amman ? Berkhart. Modern day Jordan. Assyria Tiryns Baghdad ? modern day Iraq. Babylonia Knossos Monticello Euphrates Lion?s Gate - Mycenae Virginia Tigris Crete Mesopotamia ? land between the rivers. Tigris & Euphrates floodplain. Iraq is modern day country Jebel Haroun - name of the mountain where the prophet Aarons tomb lies. JL Berkhart traveled here. Jordan is modern day country. Persian Gulf ? Tigris and Euphrates empty into. Iran borders Aegean Sea Peloponnese ? Greece. Mycenae & Tiryns. 3) NAMES ? be able to relate to PLACES (above): Thomas Jefferson ? mound builders George Smith ? translated the cuneiform tablets of the Assyrian version of the Gilgamesh story Agamemnon Pliny the Younger ? Vesuvius. Documented Vesuvius?s eruption in first person (eye-witness). Commissioned by Tacitus. Heinrich Schliemann ? (antiquarian) trying to find artifacts to prove homer?s stories were true. Troy ? if homer is history, then troy must be real and be able to find it ( located at Hissarlik. Miccenea (modern Greece) ? if homer is history, must exist in history (Agamemnon). Tyrins (modern Greece) ? cyclopean and masonry ? stone wall for king built by Cyclopes. Clytemnestra ? Agamemnons Queen Pliny the Elder - Vesuvius. Pliny the Younger?s Uncle. Father of Roman natural history. Homer J.J. Winckelmann King Priam Minoan Civilization Romans ? Petra. Nabataean empire. Mycenaeans Minoans Nabataeans ? people of Petra. Roman period Arabs. Burckhardt. Pausanius ? Mycenae. Wrote a traveler?s account about finding Agamemnon?s tomb. Theseus J.L. Burckhardt Sir Arthur Evans Minotaur A.H. Layard ? ninevah, nimrud Assyrians William of Occam ? Occam?s Razor ? simplest explanation is the best Emile (Paul) Botta - mesopotamia Moundbuilders Tacitus