2311_Lecture_4_-_110906_co...ppt

World Architecture 4. Ancient Egypt I: Funerary Architecture Thomas Cole, The Architect?s Dream, oil on canvas, 1840 Jean-Léon Gérôme, Napoleon and His General Staff in Egypt, oil on panel, 1867 Rosetta Stone, granodiorite, Ptolemaic era, ca. 196 BC; discovered by Napoleon?s troops in 1799 near el-Rashid (Rosetta), Egypt; surrendered to British as part of terms of Treaty of Alexandria in 1801 Rosetta Stone, granodiorite, Ptolemaic era, ca. 196 BC; today in the British Museum, London Léon Cogniet, Bonaparte, Surrounded by Scholars and Artists, as a Mummy is Discovered, ceiling painting, 1835 François-Charles Cécile, Edfu, Temple Interior, engraving from Déscription de l'Égypte (Paris, 1809-1822) Guillaume Larrue, In front of the Great Sphinx, at the Louvre, oil on canvas, ca. 1885 I. M. Pei, arch., Grand Pyramid, Louvre, Paris, France, 1984-89 William Strickland, arch., First (Downtown) Presbyterian Church, Nashville, TN, 1848 William Strickland, arch., First (Downtown) Presbyterian Church, Nashville, TN, 1848 William Strickland, arch., First (Downtown) Presbyterian Church, Nashville, TN, 1848 ?King Tut and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs,? exhibition at the Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX, 2009 ?The Curse of King Tut?s Tomb,? miniseries, 2006 Giza Complex, near Cairo, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2550-2460 BC Aldo Rossi, arch., San Cataldo Cemetery, Modena, Italy, 1971-78 The Nile River The Nile River, from satellite Map of Ancient Egypt Flooding of the Nile River Nile River basin and adjacent desert Houses in north suburb, Tel-el-Armana, 1300 BC Isis Osiris Horus Egyptian Gods Pharaoh is son of Horus. Horus is son of Ra or Osiris and Isis. Mastaba tomb diagrams Mastaba tomb diagrams Interior of a mastaba Mastaba with appended offering chapel Mastabas near Great Pyramids at Giza Mastaba at Giza Royal tumulus tomb, Abydos (Upper Egypt), Dynasty I (Old Kingdom), ca. 3100-2890 BC Mortuary complex of Queen Merneith, Saqqara (Lower Egypt), Dynasty I (Old Kingdom) Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC Imhotep Deified, bronze, Ptolemaic Period, ca. 332-30 BC Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC Main entrance Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC Entrance hall and colonnade Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC Entrance hall and colonnade Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC Entrance hall and colonnade Building made of reeds Man binding reeds together Boys standing in doorway to reed building At Saqqara, Imhotep translated traditional building materials (reed) and forms into stone Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC Southern mastaba (at top middle) Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC Jubilee Court; ?dummy? buildings Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC Jubilee Court At Saqqara, Imhotep translated traditional building materials (reed) and forms into stone Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC South Palace Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC North Palace wall, showing attached columns with lotus capitals Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC Step Pyramid Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC Step Pyramid Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC Step Pyramid Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC Section showing construction stages of Step Pyramid Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC Serdab statue of King Djoser How do we get from Djoser?s Step Pyramid to the Pyramids at Giza? Building experiments from Djoser?s Step Pyramid to the Giza Pyramids Step Pyramid of Sneferu, Meidum , Egypt, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2704-2656 BC Bent Pyramid of Sneferu, Dahshur, Egypt, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom) Bent Pyramid of Sneferu, Dahshur, Egypt, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom) Intended angle of pyramid form Red Pyramid of Sneferu, Dahshur, Egypt, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom) Pyramidion, from private tomb of Amenhotep-Huy, New Kingdom Minkaure (Mycerinus) Khafre (Chefren) Khufu (Cheops) Giza Complex, near Cairo, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2550-2460 BC Map of Ancient Egypt; showing Giza Minkaure (Mycerinus) Khafre (Chefren) Khufu (Cheops) Giza Complex, near Cairo, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2550-2460 BC Pyramid complex of Khafre (Chefren), Giza, Egypt, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2530 BC Giza Complex, near Cairo, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom); Pyramids of Khafre (Chefren) and Khufu (Cheops) Transporting a deceased pharaoh across the Nile River Great Sphinx, before the Pyramid of Khafre (Chefren), Giza, Egypt, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2530 BC Plan of the Valley and Mortuary Temples for Khafre, Giza, Egypt, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2530 BC Khafre (Chefren), from Giza, Egypt, diorite, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2520-2494 BC Khafre (Chefren), from Giza, Egypt, diorite, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2520-2494 BC Mourning a deceased pharaoh in funerary chapel RIGHT: View inside Valley Temple of Khafre (Chefren) at Giza, Egypt, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2530 BC View inside Valley Temple of Khafre (Chefren) at Giza, Egypt, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2530 BC View inside Valley Temple of Khafre (Chefren) at Giza, Egypt, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2530 BC Khufu (Cheops) Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), Giza, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2550 BC Section Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), Giza, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2550 BC Grand Gallery Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), Giza, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2550 BC Grand Gallery Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), Giza, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2550 BC King?s Chamber Sarcophagus of Meresankh II, from Giza, Egypt, granite, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2625?2500 BC Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), Giza, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2550 BC Section showing relieving-lintels over King?s Chamber Exposed stone core of Pyramid at Giza Exposed stone core of Pyramid at Giza, and surviving casing stone Exposed stone core of Pyramid at Giza, and surviving casing stone Possible methods of construction of the Giza pyramids Both agricultural labor and slave labor were used to help build the Great Pyramids. Sir Edward John Poynter, Israel in Egypt, oil on canvas, 1867 Highly-trained artisans also worked on royal tombs; illustration showing artisan village near pharaonic tomb Middle Kingdom Statue of Osiris (god of the underworld), bronze, Late or Greco-Roman Period, 760-30 BC Map of Ancient Egypt, showing Beni Hasan Rock-cut tombs at Beni Hasan, Egypt, Dynasty XII (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2000-1900 BC Rock-cut tombs at Beni Hasan, Egypt, Dynasty XII (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2000-1900 BC Rock-cut tomb of Amenemhet, Beni Hasan, Dynasty XII (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2000-1900 BC Plan and section Rock-cut tomb of Amenemhet, Beni Hasan, Dynasty XII (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2000-1900 BC Interior showing ?columns? cut from rock Rock-cut tomb of Amenemhet, Beni Hasan, Dynasty XII (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2000-1900 BC Niche with broken effigy Rock-cut tomb of Amenemhet, Beni Hasan, Dynasty XII (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2000-1900 BC Wall painting showing Amenemhet collecting tribute from his estates Rock-cut tomb of Kheti, Beni Hasan, Dynasty XII (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2000-1900 BC Plan and section Rock-cut tomb of Kheti, Beni Hasan, Dynasty XII (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2000-1900 BC Interior showing papyrus-bud-capital ?columns? Rock-cut tomb of Kheti, Beni Hasan, Dynasty XII (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2000-1900 BC Interior showing papyrus-bud-capital ?columns? Valley of the Kings