3_Nomenclature-Anions.pdf

Anions (negative ions) Monoatomic Oxyanions Others and Oxyanions which (containing oxygen) Exceptions contain hydrogen Rule: Rule: Rule: Rule: Stem of the element least oxygen hypo ___ ite ion These items do not follow any H plus oxyanion: name + "ide" less oxygen ___ ite ion rules; they must be memorized. "hydrogen" + name of more oxygen ___ ate ion The rules referred to are those oxyanion Examples: most oxygen per ___ ate ion i n the box just to the left. H ¯ hydride ion H 2 plus oxyanion: F ¯ fluoride ion Examples: Examples: "dihydrogen" + name O 2 ¯ oxide ion ClO¯ hypochlorite ion O H ¯ hydroxide ion of oxyanion N 3 ¯ nitride ion C l O 2 ¯ chlorite ion C N ¯ cyanide ion C 4 ¯ carbide ion C l O 3 ¯ chlorate ion SCN¯ thiocyanate ion Examples: ClO 4 ¯ perchlorate ion OCN¯ cyanate ion HCO 3 ¯ hydrogen SO 3 2 ¯ sulfite ion O 2 2 ¯ peroxide ion carbonate ion or SO 4 2 ¯ sulfate ion O 2 ¯ superoxide ion bicarbonate ion MnO 4 2 ¯ manganate ion Comment: MnO 4 ¯ permanganate ion H S O 4 ¯ hydrogen Halogens (except F) form all four C 2 H 3 O 2 ¯ acetate ion sulfate ion or bisulfate ions. When only two of the four Cr 2 O 7 2 ¯ dicromate ion i o n exist, they are the -ite and -ate ions. C 2 O 4 2 ¯ oxalate ion HPO 4 2 ¯ hydrogen phosphate ion orbiphosphate ionH 2 PO 4 ¯ dihydrogen Comment: phosphate ion H 2 CO 3 is not named using this rule because it is a compound see comment just to and not an ion. the left. John Park HO4-Flowchart-Anions