40 Vertebrate body plan and tissues

Biology 1030 with Bowling at Auburn University

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By: zach fitz
Created: 2011-12-09
Size: 24 flashcards
Views: 10

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Tube within a Tube

Innermost tube is digestive tract (mount to anus)

Coelom separated outer tube from digestive tract

Mammals coelom into 2 cavities

Thoracic - heart/lungs

Abdominal- stomach, intestines, liver

Diaphragm (muscle sheet

Internal skeletal

jointed bones that grow with the body

- carilage, ligaments

- connected to muscle with tendon

Movement and support

4 layers of organization

Cell- basic unit

Tissue- group of cells similar in structure/function

endoderm

mesoderm

ectoderm

Organ- structural/functional unit of more than 1 tissue

Organ system- group of organs perform a major body cavity

4 primary tissues

epithelial

connective

muscle

nerve

11 organ systems

Integumentary

Skeletal

Muscular

Digestive

Circulatory

Respiratory

Nervous

Endocrine

Excretory

Reproductive

Immune (not covered)

Epithelial tissue

3 germ layers

Internal and external

Prevent water loss and pathogens

Form glands

Unifying characteristics

Two general classes

3 shapes

Form glands

Specialized for secretion (hormones, oils)

Exocrine glands - have ducts (channels)

Endocrine glands - ductless, secreted hormone enters blood

Unifying characteristics

Tightly bound, little space between

Thin

Tissue regeneration

- skin every 2 weeks

- stomach 2-3 days

2 classes of epithelia

Simple - 1 cell layer thick

Stratified - several layers

3 cell shape

Squamous - irregular, flattened

Cuboidal - same height, more width

Columnar - taller than wide

Connective Tissue

from mesoderm

cells imbedded in extracellular matrix

Support, connection, transport

2 major CT classes

CT proper

Special connective tissue

CT proper

Loose- under skin, beneath organs

support, storage, insulation

gel like matrix

Dense- strong, flexible

Loose CT major proteins/cell types

collagen - strength

elastin - elasticity

reticulin - support meshwork

Fibroblast- secrete matrix proteins

Mast cells - histamine (blood vessel dilator) heparin (anticoagulant)

macrophages - defend

adipose cells - fat storage

2 types of Dense CT

Regular- collagen, ligaments (bone/bone) tendons (muscle/bone)

Irregular - collagen, organs, muscles, nerves, bones

Specialized CT

Cartilage - glycoprotein in matrix, tougher than any CT proper

spinal discs, joints, ear, nose. Cell type= chondrocytes (live in lacunae)

Bone - replace cartilage models for more strength. Cell type= osteocytes (live in lacunae)

Blood - extracellular matrix, circulate materials

canaliculi

tiny canals in bone

plasma proteins / plasma cells

Fibrinogen- from liver, blood clotting

Albumin - from liver, fluid balance

Antibodies - from lymphocytes , immune response

Cell types

Erythrocytes -red blood cells, disc shaped, hemoglobin w/ oxygen is red

Leukocytes - white blood cells, 1/1000 of red blood

Thrombocytes - platelets, clotting

Muscle tissue 3 types

Mesoderm

Movement motors

Organized actin for contraction

1) Smooth- 1st to evolve, blood vessel walls, intestines. Involuntary

2) Skeletal- attached by tendons to bones. Voluntary large scale movements

Within each cell are many myofibrils (actin/myosin) for muscle contraction

3) Cardiac- striated, Involuntary, Intercalated discs. Electric impulses cross gap juntions

Myocardium= contracting and relaxing in sync

Nerve tissues

Ectoderm

Neurons and Neuroglia (neuron supporting cells)

Perception of environment (internal/external) and coordinating responses

Neuron cell parts

Cell body - nucleus, control center

Dendrites - thin branched extensions, incoming signals

Axon - single extension, conducts impulses away

Nerves, Ganglia, Neuroglia, Myelin Sheath

nerves- bundled axons

ganglia- collections of neuron cell bodies

neuroglia- support, insulate, protect neurons

Myelin sheath - neuroglial covering covering of axons

3 general neuron types

Sensory

Motor

Association

About this deck

By: zach fitz
Created: 2011-12-09
Size: 24 flashcards
Views: 10

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj