4/20/11 Lecture

StudyBlue printing of 4/20/11 Lecture html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; background: transparent; } body { line-height: 1; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } /* remember to define focus styles! */ :focus { outline: 0; } /* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */ ins { text-decoration: none; } del { text-decoration: line-through; } /* tables still need 'cellspacing="0"' in the markup */ table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* end RESET */ .header { min-width:800px; } .logo { padding:6px 20px 2px 20px; margin:0; font-size:25px; font-weight:bold; color:#808285; position:relative; border-bottom: 1px solid #c5c5c5; } .logo-blue { color:#70adc4; } .logo-desc { font-weight:normal; font-size:19px; color:#cccccc; margin-top:50px; position:absolute; display: none; } .back-button { position:absolute; top:20px; right:20px; font-size:13px; line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,175,225); font-weight:normal; } .back-button a { color:rgb(0,175,225); } .instructions { padding:0; margin:0; width:100%; position:relative; color:rgb(100,100,100); } .step-holder { border-left:1px solid #ededed; margin-left:20px; } .steps { padding:15px 0; float:left; width:24%; border-right:1px solid #ededed; text-align:center; } .steps-01 { } .steps-02 { } .steps-03 { } .steps-04 { } .label { padding:5px 10px; } .print-button { } .print-button a { background-color:rgb(0,175,225); color:white; line-height: 19px; padding:9px 8px 5px 30px; font-size:14px; text-decoration:none; background-image: url(images/printer.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 7px 50%; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; } .print-button a:hover { background-color:black; } .theNote .content { width: 8.0in !important; margin: 5px auto; padding:20px; background-color:white; } .theNote .header { border-bottom: 1px dashed #C8C8C8; font-size: 17px; padding: 0 0 10px; line-height: 19px; color: #00ADE1; min-width:500px; } .theNote .body { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 10px 0; } .theNote{ padding:6px 0; clear:both; background-color: rgb(200,200,200); } .theNote h3{ color: rgb(100,100,100); } .theNote h1, .theNote h3{ background-color:white; padding:2px 20px; width:8.0in !important; margin: 0 auto; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1{ padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1:first-child{ font-size: 20px; } .theNote h3 { font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; } #options { border: 3px double #ccc; padding: 5px 12px; margin: 10px 50px 10px 20px; float: left; } #info { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding-top: 5px; font-style: italic; } li { margin: 5px 10px 5px 25px; } ul li { list-style: disc; } ol li { list-style: decimal; } img { border: 0; } table { clear: both; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; border-width: 1px 0; margin: 0; page-break-after: always; } table#page { page-break-after: auto; } td { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; height: 1.75in; width: 50%; padding-left: 15px; } .leftside { border-right: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 0 15px 0 0; } .bottom td { border-bottom: none; } .clearfix { clear:both; line-height:1px; height:1px; } img { max-width:80%; max-height:150px; margin:20px; } @media print {.header { display: none; } .content .header{ display:inherit; } table { border: 1px dashed #bbb; border-width: 1px 0; } .theNote{ background-color:white; } } Explanations of Crime & Deviance "The Terrible Truth" Video Clip. Young teens smoking weed, describing how they feel. The girls did it because the boys did. "Curb Your Enthuisiasm" Clip: Larry David encouraging weed for his father because it's good for glaucoma pain relief. He has to convince him to do it and show him -In these 2 clips (40 years apart). 1st clip-Weed is bad, will lead to an addiction. 2nd clip he is encouraging the use of marijuana. The parent in this instance learns to enjoy it. Both clips illustrate a way of looking into crime & delinquency. Differential Association Becker's marijuana study Learning both technique & "definition" Edwin Sutherland's propositions Rational Choice costs. vs. benefits choice-structuring properties "Bounded rationality" In the 2nd clip we see 2 types of learning going on. The learning of the technique & learning of the pleasure. Both of these learnings (of technique & pleasure) are central forces in Howard Becker's How to Become a Marijuana User . Becker was in a jazz quartet, & through his contacts in 1953 he started to take notice of the subculture of weed use. This was a very deviant thing to do in 1953, speaking historically in context. 1953 is well in advance of a social tolerance in marijuana use. He wants to uncover how people use it. He is writing it in a way that condemns such forms of deviance as drug use, equating it with stuff like committing crimes. In 1955 he interviews 50 marijuana users. The main point is that learning to use marijuana is a social process. Put a kid with no experience with a joint and he wouldn't know what to do with it, he wouldn't think it's good or even know how to go about smoking it. The main part of the practical learning is the inhalataion. "How long to hold it in?" In terms of Differential Association theory this is a major part, how to learn the pattern and technique surrounding this deviance & crime. His interviewees told him that they had to learn to like it, to pick up on the qualities that others found pleasurable. [Example used in class: that kind of drunkeness where you black out- you have to learn how to be that out of control, how to like getting to that painful point. Those who do take it to the extreme and then gauge their future experience on that point "I will never drink that much again" The users in his study are learning-all of these physical cues are not inevitably pleasurable for everyone. They have to also learn to like the physical symptoms that come with it. Outside of these subcultures there is a lot of stigma, there is a lot of bad association attached to it SUTHERLAND: People aren't born criminals, they don't have a psychology that makes them inept to crime, crime is a learned thing. Criminal behavior is learned. Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in a process of communication. The principal part of the learning of criminal behavior occurs within intimate personal groups. ***We learn from other people, to take pleasure. "If my spray painting technique is good than I'll get praise from my other delinquent friends." Definition of the Situation: there is this weighing process for the criminal that tilts in the direction of crime. "A Bronx Tale" (DeNiro movie, 1993) talks about this kid on the streets who learns about the motives, rationalization, and justification for committing the crimes with the mob guys around the corner. [Diff. Assoc. -the association of the Mob people are weighing more heavily on the kid. The definitions of the mob situation are pushing out as opposed to the considerations his father is telling him about staying clean] Rational Choice Theory: more individualistic, focusing on the agency. RCT leads to People weigh costs & benefits and act: "Roxie Hart in Chicago"-a spur of the moment decision to go through and shoot the person. We have "bounded rationality"-we make shortcuts based on imperfect information We know that people are a type of high when we commit these crimes. We are irrational, we are bounded by imperfect information (not seeing the security tag, not seeing the security cameras---miscalculation in choice because we have not previously weighed the cost & benefits before acting on something we didn't already consider) "Choice-Structuring Properties" shape our cost/benefit analysis The # of security guards surrounding the store, we can't calculate perfectly everything, so we take these things into consideration. Rational Choice Theory can explain big & small crimes alike, and can point to crime-control policies. Auto-theivery as a rational choice: Recruiting & interviewing shoplifters-going through their step by step process of stealing. More experienced will likely notice the camera, steal a smaller item. This research can be used to see how he can prevent and deal with the action of shoplifting. Modeling of intense density of highjacking-their findings show that metal detectors are an affective form of deterrant for highjacking.