Abby Stern Chapter 13

Anthropology 1102 with Dujovny at University of Georgia

About this deck

By: Abby Stern
Textbook:

American Government: Power and Purpose (Eleventh Edition (with policy chapters))

Anthropology: What Does It Mean to Be Human?
Created: 2011-05-09
Size: 33 flashcards
Views: 10

About StudyBlue

STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school. Things like online flashcards with photos and audio. Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next. Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone. STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis

Sign up (free) to study this.

Function of Kinship

Tightly linked to symbolic belief and perspectives on power
socially recognized ties that connect people in different ways
social relationships, derived from universal experiences- mating, birth, nuturing
3 types- descent, adoption, marriage

Benefits of Kinship

Food-
Power
Ritual
Marriage
Inheritance

Nuclear Family

Made of parents and children
conceptions of family vary from culture to culture
family of procreation- the parent's perspective
2 GENERATIONS
US trend, before WW2 people lived with grandparents and other member of the extended family

after war people could offered to buy their own

Extended Family

3 generations

grandparents, parents, children,

may include cousins or aunts and uncles

Family of Orientation

the children's perspective

family of procreation

the parent's perspective

Bilateral Descent

*Cognatic=count 2

Both sides of the family count
both sides attend important events
used to trace lineage on both mother and fathers sides (used mostly in US)
conflicts over resources are not common

Matrilineal (Unilinear Descent)

*Agnatic

Unilinear Descent

*Agnatic

trace lineage on only one side
common in places with fixed resource base
corporate body control resource access

Matrilineal

Trace family history on mothers side

(m=mom =matron)

cherokee in SE United States
Low intensive maize agriculture

Patrilineal

Trace family history on fathers side

(p=pop pop= pappa)

economy: pastoralism
key resources: cattle

Ambilineal

Child gets to choose which family line to trace

Linage v. clan

Lineage members can specify all generational links back to their common ancestry whereas clan member ordinary cannot

Generation

distinction made in relation to self

cousin v. niece/nephew
gender: differed by culture

primo/pima (spanish) cousin (english)

affinity

Gender

differed by culture

primo/pima (spanish) cousin (english)

Affinity

distinctions made on basis of marriage

(mother vs. Mother-in-law)

Collaterality

Kinship terminology criterion in which a distinction is made between kin who are believed to be in the direct live and those who are off to one side

Bifurcate Merging

A criterion employed in the analysis of kinship terminologies in which kinship terms referring to the mother's side of the family are distinguished from those referring to the father's side.

parental siblings of the same sex are considered blood relatives (dads bro= dad moms sis=mom)
parental siblings of differing sex are labeled "aunt" or "uncle"

Relative Age

Younger/ Older designations for those within the same generation, used as a form of respect between non blood kin

Cross cousins/ Parallel cousins

Parallel cousins are cousins whose parent on that sides is the same gender as your parent (Fathers brothers kids)(mothers sisters kids)

Cross cousins are cousins whose parent's gender is differnt (Mothers brothers kids) (fathers sisters kids)

Relative Age

Relatives of the same category may be distinguished on the basis of wherther they are older or younger than Ego.
Seperate older brother (!ko) and younger brother (tsin)

Naming System

Shared Name Kin- People who share the same first name must share responsibility of each other

Joking Kin- Mother's brother (lighthearted relationship)

Avoidance Kin- People within a kinship that don't spend time alone with one another (as your boy wouldnt spend time alone with your older brothers wife)

Adoption

based on nurturing, does not have to be a biological relationship.

(wealthy families care for poor families children)

Marriage Characteristics

transforms status of participants
Stipulates sexual access between partners
Perpetuates rights and obligations to children
Creates Kin relationships
Symbolically marked

Types of Marriages

Ghost marriage- when a husband dies and his wife has yet to bear children, she remarries to his brother in body, not in soul and bears his children for the dead husband so his soul can rest.

the children belong to the dead husband

Monogamy- may be married to only one spouse at a time
Polygamy- a person may be married to more than one spouse
polygyny- a man may be married to more than one wide (gy=gonads)
polyandry- a women married to more than one husband (lyandry=laundry)

Residence Patterens

neolocal- independent household at a place of their own choosing
patrilocal- lives with or near the husband father
matrilocal- live with or near the womens mother
avunculocal- married couple lives with of near the husbands mother's brother
uxorilocal-live near the wifes father sister

Incest

Sexual activity between family members who are not husband and wife

Endogamy vs. Exogamy

endo-within kin group

exo-outside a kin group

Possible explanations for polyandry

the family doesn't have enough land to split between sons

Bridewealth

compensation for the brides family for loss of their offspring.

(sell there daughters)

Dowry

transfer of wealth from parents to daughter so that the new couple can have some money to start their new household

Groom Price

Compensates groom's family for loss of his labor and offspring