ADW - Exam 1

History 127 with Williams at University of Chapel Hill

About this deck

By: Andrew Williams
Created: 2011-05-22
Size: 58 flashcards
Views: 13

About StudyBlue

STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school. Things like online flashcards with photos and audio. Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next. Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone. STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis

Sign up (free) to study this.

Vikings

Came to America 800-1015AD
Rape, pillage, burn
did not share information with others

Feudal Europe

serfs and nobles
decentralized
low literacy
stable population

Bubonic Plague

1346-1353
people fled and took fleas with them, spreading disease
Less resistance in kingdoms prompted neighboring lords to invade

death from warfare as well

Henry the Navigator

Portugese prince
"university" of the sea

invited Arabs and Muslins
developed caravel - more storage space

latine sails - tacking

plotted latitude

Concepts of the Earth

Greeks - 23,000
Columbus (Italian shipwrecked off coast of Portugal) - 12,000

10,000 to Africa by land (so only 2,000 west by sea)

Columbus's Journey

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain gave funded his trip
Sailed due west from Canary Islands

point of no return after 2 weeks
saved from mutiny because he was the only navigator
landed in Bahamas 10/12/1492
thought he was correct and brought back a native

Population of Native Indians before Europeans

70-100 million

Cortes' Conquest of Mexico

600 men defeated ~20 million Aztecs

advantages:

technology - horses, guns, steel
political - allied with Aztec enemies
biological - smallpox (1 or 2 soldiers had it and passed it off to indians)

1604 Census - <1 million natives - ecological holocaust

Columbian Exchange

lifeforms moving between Old World and New World

beans, corn, peppers, tomatoes, potatoes, tobacco - New to Old

corn and potatoes were easy to grow - increased Old World populations

cattle, goats, sheep, horses, pigs - Old to New

African Slavery

Tobacco and sugarcane required enormous amount of labor

natives were too small, sick, and dead

Africans came from equatorial West Africa

malaria and sickle cell

mosquitoes came over on boats

Africans were best adapted for survival in Americas

Enclosure

700% inflation meant wool industry made more money
estate land was enclosed for sheep, and serfs were kicked off

became "wandering poor" - poverty a big problem

Elizabeth I's Privateers

allowed to fly English flag and attacked enemies of the crown in the name of England
Sir Walter Raleigh - Godfather of privateers

advisor to the queen - set up commissions of privateers

Roanoke

set up in 1584 in Outer Banks as protection for privateers
very vulnerable
1588 - all ships were sent to defeat Spanish Armada
1590 - no one found on return to Roanoke

probably integrated into indian populations

Richard Hakluyt

Cambridge Professor
1589 book about new reasons for colonization of North America

gold in SA and CA, so naturally in NA
based on latitude - agriculture of Mediterranean, silk of Asia
safety valve for poor and criminals of Europe
Protestants needed a stake

Virginia Company of London

After Elizabeth's death (1603), James I made peace with Spain - no privateering
Chartered company for Chesapeake Bay

144 men set sail December 1606

took 16 weeks rather than 6-8; 18 died

Jamestown

40 miles up James River (tidal river)

inland for protection from Europeans, peninsula for protection from natives

arrived too late to plant, no gold, had to trade with natives

contaminated water
population at 38 by Jan. 1609
The Starving Time - 1609-1610

Headright System

Company out of money by 1618
50 acres per head paid across Atlantic - wife, children, servents
still bankrupt by 1625

House of Burgesses

reps elected by landowners - 2 per county
first met in 1619 - made laws to be approved by company

John Rolfe

Went tot VA in 1612

took Spanish tobacco seed from Cuba - would not grow

hybridized with indian seed (too harsh alone)
sent tobacco to friends back home and found a goldmine

Indentured Servants

bound to master for usually 7 years

not expected to live that long and thus exploited
transferrable contracts

captains paid for them to come over and then auctioned off their contracts - looked a lot like slavery

Servants v. Slaves

Servants initially preferred

common culture
cheaper - purchased 7 years of labor rather than a lifetime
1650's - word started to get back to England that servant life was bad

Shift to Slavery

shift in 1680's and 90's

life expectancy increases - slaves were now worth the money

Plantation Society

single crop for export, not subsistence or consumption

NC - hemp
SC and GA - rice, indigo

relies on forced labor
dispersed population

little overseeing of neighbors - could treat labor force as cruelly as they wanted

Mason-Dixon Line

between Maryland and Pennsylvania

Martin Luther

college theology professor
bothered by indulgences
95 Theses - ways in which the Pope was going against scripture
wanted to reform church from inside but excommunicated in 1521

began Protestant Reformation

England's Reformation - Henry XIII

"Defender of the Faith"

first wife - Katherine (daughter of Spanish K & Q)

had daughter, Mary - annulment would have made her a bastard
1534 - withdrew from Catholicism for Church of England

married Anne Boleyn - Elizabeth I was daughter

England's Reformation after Henry XIII

1553-1558

Bloody Mary rejoined Catholic Church

persecuted Protestants
Puritans went to Geneva and gathered under Calvin

Elizabeth I permanently established Anglican Church - similar to Catholicism
Puritans wanted to purify Catholicism

Puritans

world in decline
Middling sorts
polity - every congregation had its own authority - ultimately scripture (not Pope or King)
worship - plain spaces, English sermons by ministers in university robes
theology - Doctrine of Election, predestination

Massachusetts Bay Company

chartered by Charles I in 1629 to get Puritans away from him
~20,000 Puritans made "Great Migration" from 1630-40

John Winthrop

Lawyer who gave "city upon a hill" speech on the way to Boston

5th chapter of Matthew

example for all others to follow - light on hilling shining down on darkness of masses

Doctrine of Watchfulness

everyone was very close in Boston

keep an eye on neighbors to make sure they did not sin and went to church

Township formation land transfers

king --> company --> hive families --> town meeting

Dominion of New England

Created by James II after Charles II died in 1684
added NY and NJ to big colony
complete religious freedom for Christians
people kept land but lost power to vote

Glorious Revolution

James was going to leave throne to Catholic son
1689 - Parliament invited William of Orange (married to James' Protestant daughter, Mary) to take throne
New Charter of 1692

MA allowed assembly
no religious tests for right to vote

Navigation Acts

1660-63 - Charles II

all trade had to be conducted by Englishmen on English ships
enumerated articles had to go through Metropolis

Salutary Neglect

healthy neglect that is still beneficial
although some customs agents got bribed, it was a transaction cost, and it all still worked out

Royal Colonies

colonies in which the King appoints a governor

none started this way

Mixed Government

Monarchy

one - King, Governor
Security

Aristocracy

elite - House of Lords, Governor's Council
Wealth

Democracy

many - House of Commons, Assembly
Rights

First Three Intercolonial Wars

European Origin
militias
English on offensive
English won

returned gained territory

French and Indian War

English needed land in Ohio Valley

1754 - Washington took 300 VA men to capture Fort Duquesne

ambushed at Ft Necessity

PM William Pitt - America First strategy - professional army

The Treaty of Paris

Proclamation of 1763 - line defining Appalachians

no English west of it

still fighting with Indians
8,000 soldiers left to enforce it

Sugar Act

1764 - lowered sugar tax but more strictly enforced
writ of assistance for each agent
trials in Admiralty Court
ineffective - smuggling

Stamp Act

Passed in March, 1765
enforced by Stamp Masters - colonists

Sons of Liberty Opposition to Stamp Act

Crowd actions
Conventions
Boycotts

Repeal of Stamp Act

1766 - Whigs repealed it but were always against it

thus not a defeat of Parliament

Townshend Duty Act

1767 - tax on certain imports
customs agents could not be intimidated

Boston Massacre

4,000 members of army in Boston in 1770

took jobs away

March 5, 1770 - 5 colonists killed

Tea Act

1773 - tea became unenumerated and very cheap

conspiracy about temptation

Sons of Liberty would not let Dec 1773 ships be unloaded in Boston

Coercive Acts

1774
Boston Port Act
Administration of Justice Act
MA Government Act
Quartering Act

Committees of Correspondence

communication grew between colonies

Adams and Jefferson

3/4 of Declaration signees were members

About this deck

By: Andrew Williams
Created: 2011-05-22
Size: 58 flashcards
Views: 13

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis