Animal Body Plans

Zoology 1114 with Thompson at University of Oklahoma

About this deck

By: Andrew Lee
Textbook:

Biology with MasteringBiology? (8th Edition)

Biology, 7th Edition (Book & CD-ROM)
Created: 2010-10-13
Size: 51 flashcards
Views: 39

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Eumetazoans

members of the animal kingdom are described as ____ because their bodies consist of many cells

Connective tissue

provide anchoring and support to body organs and structures.

Nervous tissue

detects internal and external stimuli and conducts messages between the brain and body organs

Muscular tissue

made of cells called muscle fibers and specialized in body movement and organ contractions

Radial symmetry

2 or more planes of symmetry

bilateral symmetry

single plane of symmetry

cephalization

presence of a head region with sensory organs

segmentation

metamerism is repetition of body segments along body length

sagittal plane

left right plane

transverse plane

anterior and posterior

head end

posterior

tail end

frontal plane

dorso-ventral

ventral

the belly- front

dorsal

the back

proximal

near the body middle

distal

away from the middle

blastocoel

internal fluid filled cavity of the blastocyst. no opening and no gut (sponges)

archenteron

has blastopore opening. endoderms form gut cavity (cnidarians)

coelom

cavity surrounded by mesoderm cells housing animals organs (mollusks and higher animals)

triploblastic

animals that develop from an embryo with mesoderm

acoelomate body

no coelom. mesoderm fills the blastocoel

pseudocoelomate body

blastocoel persists and endoderm lines outer edge

coelomate body

mesoderm surrounds coelomic cavity
2 types: entercoelus, schizocoelus

neurotransmitter

produced by neurons and acts on adjacent cells

neurohormone

produced by neurons and travels through bloodstream to distant target cells

dopamine

produced by brain regulates excitatory states

Anterior lobe of pituitary is responsible for

growth hormone, prolactin, folicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone

Folicle stimulating hormone stimulates

gametogenesis

Thyroid stimulating hormone stimulates

growth and metabolism

Luteinizing hormone stimulates

production of sex hormones in gonads

Thyroid gland produces

thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3) controls the growth rate, metabolism and tissue differentiation in vertebrates

Ultimobranchial glands produce

calcitone

Calcitone

hormone that regulates calcium concentration in blood

Adrenal gland and chromaffin tissue produce

epinephrine and norepinephrine that control fight-flight response

hormone

chemicals produced by ductless endocrine glands and released into the bloodstream

pheromones

behavior altering chemicals produced by glands and released by ducts to the environment

hormones are released by

environmental stimuli

the negative feedback loop in hormones regulates

homeostasis

photoperiodicity

number one stimulus timing hormone release. length of day activates the hypothalamus

oxytocin

hormone that activates milk secretion

antidiuretic hormone

regualtes water absorption

sponges have what hormones

none

cnidarians produce these hormones

growth-promoting hormones that stimulate budding, regeneration and growth

phatyhelminthes molluscs and annelids produce hormones regulating

gametogenesis, growth and differentiation, and water regulation

Arthropod hormones

Ecdysone, Juvenile hormone

Ecdysone

produced by prothoracic gland controls molting and ecdysis

Juvenile hormone

produced by corpus allata and controls development, behavior, and metamorphosis

Pineal Gland

produces melatonin, controls day/night cycles

Urophysis

produces neurohormones that control water balance, blood pressure and muscle activity

pituitary

produces prolactin, controlling parental behaviors, reproductive migrations, and brooding behaviors