Anomie / Strain Theory
Criminal Justice And Criminology Crj_4000 with Wu at Wayne State University
About this deck
By: carletta carter
Created: 2011-03-08
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 51
Created: 2011-03-08
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 51
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What did Emile Durkheim believe about crime?
- Crime is Normal
- We need crime to show us the norms that we value in society & so we know when people deviate from the norms
- crime is functional
Durkheim's argument about rapid social change
- Rapid social change created anomie which could result in suicide
According to Durkheim, why could rapid social change result in suicide?
- social norms break down
- human desire is natural & infinite
- one cannot have everything
According to Durkheim, how do we restore social norms?
- by the existence of crime & punishing criminals
Anomie according to Durkheim
- social condition of inadequate or inappropriate social control caused by sudden & rapid social change
Anomie according to Merton
- the disparity between cultural goals & the legitimate means available to attain them --- A built in feature of the U.S. society
Robert Merton's view using Anomie
- The distinction between universal cultural goal & legitimate means to reach them causes strain
- we have a cultural strain in America to get ric
According to Merton how are strain & crime related?
- STRAIN causes CRIME
Merton's 5 Typology of Individual Adaptations to Anomie
- Conformity
- Innovation
- Ritualism
- Retreatism
- Rebellion
Explain Merton's Conformity Typology of Individual Adaptation
- individual accepts cultural goals of society
- individual accepts the institutionalized means of reaching those goals
Explain Merton's Innovation Typology of Individual Adaptation
- Individual accepts cultural goals of society
- Individual rejects institutionalized means of reaching those goals
Explain Merton's Ritualism Typology of Individual Adaptation
- Individual rejects cultural goals of society, instead lowers goals so they are more attainable through their level of means
- Individual accepts institutionalized means of accepting goals
Explain Merton's Retreatism Typology of Individual Adaptation
- Individual rejects cultural goals of society
- Individual rejects institutionalized means of reaching cultural goals
- Individuals accept both cultural goals & institutionalized means but they fail in general to meats those means
- drop out of society
Explain Merton's Rebellion Typology of Individual Adaptation
- Individual rejects cultural goals of society
- Individual rejects institutionalized means of society
- Individual seeks to replace them
Institutional Anomie Theory
- Anomie results from lack of capacity for our major social institutions to control behavior, economic institutions versus other institutions
- Seven Messner & Richard Rossenfield
How Institutional Anomie Theory diverts & extends from Merton's Anomie Theory
- Shifts away from Merton's emphasis on social stratification
- redistribute legitimate opportunities may not help
- offers a link between crime & the basic features of social organization - culture & social structure
How man types of strains does Robert Agnew say there are?
- 3 types of strains
What are Robert Agnew's 3 types of strains?
- Failing to achieve positively valued goals
- Denial or removal of previously attained positive achievments
- exposure to negative or noxious stimulis
Agnew's strain of "Failing to achieve positively valued goals"
- strain resulting from disparity between aspirations & achievements
- strain resulting from a disparity between expectations & achievements
- strain resulting from a disparity between an individuals belief of a fair outcome & the actual outcome
Agnew's strain of "Denial or removal of previously attained positive achievements"
- stressful life events
- g/f or b/f breakups, family death, job loss, moving
Agnew's strain of "Exposure to negative or noxious stimuli"
- being picked on, experiencing some type of trauma, abuse, neglect
- less power individual has to control negative stimulus = the more strain that individual will experience
According to Agnew what does strain produce?
- Strain produces pressure toward deviance & crime
Conditioning Factors
- Robert Agnew
- A number of internal & external constraints in an individual that determines if an individual will respond to the strain in their life through deviance or criminal behavior
Strengths of Strain Theory
- both macro & micro level
- compliments social control & social learning theories
- remains an important perspective
- Institutional anomie theory relevant to today
Weaknesses of Strain Theory
- Assume that strain & deviance were prevalent in lower class
- Does a society as diverse & heterogeneous as the U.S. have a universal goal?
- Why does the disjunction between cultural goals & institutional means originated & persist?
What was Durkheim's 2 types of societies?
- Mechanical
- Organic
Mechanical Solidarity Society
- societal members share "common consciousness" (world view)
- societal members share "common conscience" (right / wrong)
- totality of social likeness promotes conformity
- law = repressive, goal is punishment, revenge
- small & undeveloped technology
Organic Solidarity Society
- When mechanical society grows & develops & the laws become more restitutive = Organic Solidarity Society
- susceptible to conditions to cause crime
- the growth & development would cause crime which would cause Anomie
About this deck
By: carletta carter
Created: 2011-03-08
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 51
Created: 2011-03-08
Size: 28 flashcards
Views: 51
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
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