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- Anthro 2030 Exam 3
Anthro 2030 Exam 3
Anthropology 2030 with Palmer at University of Missouri- Columbia
About this deck
By: Bryce Radick
Created: 2012-03-21
Size: 152 flashcards
Views: 35
Created: 2012-03-21
Size: 152 flashcards
Views: 35
About StudyBlue
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CC11 Opening photo: Example of a cargo cult
The John Frum Movement marching with USA painted on their chests
trade goods of western culture
cargo
religion
social institutions with sacred stories and symbolization; a higher being; & rituals for addressing the supernatural
Animism
belief that everything has a spirit
cosmology
a system of beliefs that deals with fundamental questions in the religious and social order
Functions of religion
search for order/meaning; increasing control; reinforcing social order
synonym for myths
sacred narratives
myths
stories that practicers of a religion hold true to explain their history
characteristics of religion
myths, symbols, and rituals for addressing the supernatural
Photo: Dancer wearing a mask and cloak
humans may be turned into spiritual beings in rituals
synonym for god
deity
God/Deity
named spirit believed to have created or to have control of some aspect of world
mana
religious power or energy that is concentrated in individuals or objects
ritual
ceremonial act or a repeated stylized gesture used for specific occasions involving the use of religious symbols
liminal
the stage of a ritual, particularly a rite of passage, in which one has passed out of an old status but has not yet entered a new one
Communitas
A state of perceived solidarity, equality, and unity among people sharing a religious ritual, often characterized by intense emotion.
antistructure
the socially sanctioned use of behavior that radically violates social norms; frequently found in religious ritual
rite of passage
a ritual that moves an individual from one social status to another
totem
an object, an animal species, or a feature of the natural world that is associated with a particular descent group
Prayer
conversation held with spirits and gods in which people: petition, invoke, praise, give thanks, dedicate, supplicate, intercede, confess, repent and bless
sacrifice
an offering made to increase the efficacy of a prayer or the religious purity of an individual
Photo: voodoo doll
example of both imitative and contagious magic
Magic
A religious ritual believed to produce a mechanical effect by supernatural means. When magic is done correctly, believers think it must have the desired effect
imitative magic
the belief that imitating an action in a religious ritual will cause the action to happen in the material world
Contagious Magic
Belief that things once in contact with a person or object, retain an invisible connection with that person or object.
divination
a religious ritual performed to find hidden objects or information
shaman
an individual socially recognized as being able to mediate between the world of humanity and the world of gods or spirits but who is not recognized official of any religious organization
Photo: Indonesian shaman
read the entrails of chickens and pigs to diagnose and cure illness
priest
one who is formally elected, appointed, or hired to a full-time religious office
witchcraft
the ability to harm others by harboring malevolent thoughts about them; practice of sorcery
sorcery
the conscious an intentional use of magic
how to begin a new or change a current religion
identify what is wrong with the world, present a vision for improvement, provide a method for improvement
messianic
focusing on the coming of an individual who will usher in a utopian world
Millenarian
Belief that a coming catastrophe will signal the beginning of a new age and the eventual establishment of paradise.
syncretism
the merging of elements of two or more religious traditions to produce a new religion
Photo: Appalachian churchgoer handles a snake
in a state of religious ecstasy, this practice is believed to gain access to god's power
fundamentalism
a proclamation of reclaimed authority over a sacred tradition that is to be reinstated as an antidote for a society that is believed to have strayed from its cultural moorings
CC11: Bringing it back home
Censorship of religion in art
CC9 opening photo: African king
Africa has started to specialize into states with specialized posts of authority
CC9 opening topic
Nationalism and ethnic conflict: Turkey & the Armenians
political organization
the patterned ways in which power is legitimately used in a society to regulate behavior, maintain social order, make collective decisions, and deal with social disorder
Power
The ability to influence or control other people and events
Authority
ability to cause others to act based on characteristics like honor, status, knowledge, ability, respect, or holding formal public office
political ideology
the shared beliefs and values that legitimize the distribution and use of power in a particular society
political process
the ways in which individuals and groups use power to achieve public goals
factions
informal alliances within well defines political units such as lineages villages or organizations
rebellion
the attempt of a group within society to force a redistribution of resources and power
revolution
an attempt to overthrow the existing political structure and put another type of political structure in its place
Photo: Peaceful protest of the American invasion of Iraq
example of political processes
Deviants
those who transgress society's rules
Gossip
A generally negative and morally laden verbal exchange taking place in a private setting concerning the conduct of absent third parties
law
a means of social control and dispute management through the systematic application of force by a politically constituted authority
social complexity
the number of groups and their interrelationships in a society
leadership
ability to direct an action
social differentiation
the relative access individuals and groups have to basic material resources, wealth, power, and prestige
egalitarian society
a society in which everyone has about equal rank, access to, and power over the basic resources that support survival, influence, and prestige
Rank society
A society characteristic by institutionalized differences in prestige but no important restrictions on access to basic resources.
stratified society
a society characterized by formal, permanent social and economic inequality in which some ppl are denied access to basic resources
elites
social strata that has differential access to all culturally valued resources, whether power, wealth, or prestige, and possessively protects its control over these resources
band
a small group of people related by blood or marriage who live together and are loosely associated with a territory in which they forage
tribe
a culturally distinct population whose members consider themselves descended from the same ancestor
age set
group of people of similar age and sex who move through some or all of life's stages together
age grades
specialized associations, based on age, that stratify a society by seniority
secret societies
West African societies whose membership is secret or whose rituals are known only to society members. their most significant function is the initiation of boys and girls into adulthood
bigman
self-made leader who gains power through personal achievements rather than through political office
Compensation
payment demanded by an aggrieved party to compensate for damage
Photo: Melanesian big man with pig
much of his power is based on his ability to distribute resources
Types of Political Organizations
-band
-tribe
-chiefdom
-state
-all exist within states and are subject to state control
-tribe
-chiefdom
-state
-all exist within states and are subject to state control
mediation
a form of managing disputes that uses the offices of a third party to achieve voluntary agreement between disputing parties
Warfare (war)
A formally organized and culturally recognized pattern of collective violence directed toward other societies, or between segments within a larger society
Third solution to the GPD
war is a result of European conflict
anthropologist that developed the third theory for the GPD
Brian Ferguson
chiefdom
society with social ranking in which political integration is achieved through an office of centralized leadership called the chief
acephalous
lacking a government head or chief
state
a hierarchical centralized form of political organization in which a central government has a legal monopoly over the use of force
Citizenship
Those people invested by the state with rights and duties, based on criteria such as residence or other group affiliations
government
a system or organization for exercising authority over a body of people
bureaucracy
administrative hierarchy characterized by specialization of function and fixed rules
hegemony
the (usually elite) construction of ideologies, beliefs, and values that attempt to justify the stratification system in a state society
nation-state
a sovereign, geographically based state that identifies itself as having a distinctive national culture and historical experience
Photo: Sculture of the capture of Iwo Jima
Nation-state intensify national identity
ethnic groups
categories of people who see themselves as sharing an ethnic identity that differentiates them from other groups or from the larger society as a whole
ethnic identity
sense of self a person experiences as a member of an ethnic group
ethnic boundaries
the perceived cultural attributes by which ethnic groups distinguish themselves from others
Indigenous Peoples
Are those small scale societies designated as bands, tribes, and chiefdom that occupied their land prior to European contact.
CC9: Bringing it back home topic
Do good fences make good neighbors?
Prominent food-getting technique by bands
foraging
In a band, you know what about newcomers?
they're kin
leader of a band
headman
main food-getting technique used by tribes
horticulture
two+ bands that sometimes interact
tribe
how tribes know they are kin
common traditions
political organization with kin only and a solidified leader
chiefdom
what a band chart looks like
kinship charts
what a tribe looks like graphically
sets of triangles connected to one, common triangle with dashed lines
what a chiefdom looks like graphically
sets of triangles connected to one, common triangle with solid lines
industrial political organization
state
intrastate conflict known as
tribe/ethnic
effects on tribes in a nation-state
fictive kinship is encouraged over actual
fictive kinship emphasized in a nation-state
patriotism
most state conflict is...
intrastate
CC's requirement of ritual
religious
Palmer: ritual
stereotyped form of social cooperation
If rituals aren't social they're...
metaphors
Palmer: function of rituals
to promote non stereotyped forms of cooperation
Palmer:
cooperation
acceptance of influence
why rituals always have been important to humans
they facilitate that all our other interactions will go well
two rituals in Newfoundland
Christmas house visiting and mummering
what christmas house visiting promotes
cooperation throughout the year
emphasis during christmas house visiting
endurance
key way of interaction, despite not being the most efficient
gift-giving
Kaobawa
Headman of Bisaasi-teri, has political standings within other Yanomamo but very little standings within own tribe, has 6 wives and 3 children.
Kaobawa's favorite wife
Bahimi
Rerebawa
one of Chagnon's key informants
Unokais
Men who have participated in killing other men
Dedeheiwa
powerful shaman
Bisaasi-teri
Tribe Chagnon lives with most of his research and a splinter of the Patanowa-teri tribe
Mishimishimabowei-teri
Village in which the Ax Fight occurred
Hekura
evil spirits that can be cast from village to village in order to do harm to its people. Yanomamo people often consider it the source of illness and death among their people.
No badabo
Who the Yanomamo believe existed in the beginning of time
Goals of the Yanomamo Feast
ritual to make alliance with their neighbors; shows wealth and power
From Yanomamo video: What does the white buzzard down worn by the Yanomamo in the film “The Feast” symbolize?
peacefulness
"The Feast"
Film depicting two once-rival tribes feasting together to grow back together. After the film, the villages raided a common enemy together.
Magical Death: are the behaviors ritualistic?
Yes (Magical Death: are the behaviors ritualistic?)
Magical Death: are the behaviors religious?
Yes (Magical Death: are the behaviors religious?)
Magical death: Are Hekura seen? Real? Believed in?
The Yanomamo claim they are, but we can't
Magical death: Does Chagnon believe the behavior is caused by the ebene?
No, because sometimes shamans only take a token amount
Magical death: How is the behavior explained?
Form of communication that serves as a commitment to friendship, even if only symbolic
Magical death: Are there restrictions on behavior while on the ebene?
Yes, but there is less stigma surrounding taboo activity
Magical death: Is there a "right" way to do the drugs and rituals?
Yes, the behavior is consistently repeated; cultural & traditional
Children's Magical Death
Short film that shows children behaving as if they snorted ebene when all the snorted was wood ash
Religion (Palmer)
Palmer: communicated acceptance of the supernatural claim
How Palmer sees "Magical Death"
As a depiction of leadership
Why do they take the ebene socially?
General reciprocity
Evidence of the realness of of Magical Death is based on
Words about the Hekura being the same
Palmer: Oldest profession
Telling of supernatural tales
What you do when you communicate the acceptance of the supernatural claim
You're accepting influence of someone
Evidence that the Yanomamo probably don't believe in Hekura
They still go on raids
Why Chagnon takes ebene
To prove to the Yanomamo that they won't go to hell as the missionary says
Overall effect of the drug
Makes people more open to influence
What the performance by Dedeheiwa shows
Gives Rerebawa confidence in the alliance and Dedeheiwa as a leader of his people
Religious or not? Palmer turning into a crow
Not religious
Nayaluks
Dead Inuit ancestors
Inuit mummering
Men disguise themselves, walk out on the frozen ocean to the east, walk back with sticks to beat men who have behaved badly
Is Inuit mummering religious?
Yes, because it involves dead ancestor
Are Yanomamo Hekura rituals religious?
Yes. Hekura are the souls of the no badabo, the first ancestors
Worship of bands, tribes and chiefdoms
Ancestor worship, in which a shaman communicates with the dead
Worship of states
World religions
When Newfoundland mummering happens
Twelve days of Christmas (Dec. 26-Jan. 6)
Newfoundland mummering
Adults had to guess who the mummers are acting as
What happens after the feast
They go and raid a third village, killing a woman
Why is the raid after the feast dangerous?
Third village could be attacking their unprotected village
About this deck
By: Bryce Radick
Created: 2012-03-21
Size: 152 flashcards
Views: 35
Created: 2012-03-21
Size: 152 flashcards
Views: 35
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj