Anthropolgy
Anthropology 1023 with Nolan at University of Arkansas - Fayetteville
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One man and one woman are joined for life in a conjugal bond.
Monogamy
individuals have only one spouse at a time, but may divorce & remarry
Serial Monogamy
individuals of either sex may have more than one spouse at the same time
Polygamy
the marriage of a man to more than one woman (relatively common)
Polygyny
the marriage of a woman to more than one man (extremely rare)
Polyandry
Several males are simultaneously married to several females
Group Marriage
marriage of 2 cousins who are linked by parents of opposite sex.
Cross-cousins
marriage a male marries his mothers brothers daughter
matrilateral cross-cousin marriage
a male marries his fathers sisters daughter
patrilateral cross-cousins marriage
a male marries his fathers brothers daughter
Parrallel cousin marriage
Compensation given to the bride's family by the groom & his family for the loss of her services.
Bride wealth
the custom of a widow marrying the brother of her dead husband
Levirate
the custom of a widower marrying the sister of his dead wife
sororate
Couples live with the husbands relatives (67% of all societies)
Virilocality
Coulpes may live with the wife's family (15% of all societies)
Uxoriliocality
Couples may choose to live with either husbands or wifes family (5% - 10% of a societies)
Bilocality
Couples form their own independent residence (5% of all societies)
Neolocality
Couples reside with the grooms mothers brother (<5% of all societies)
Avuncolocality
The entire formal set of rules that generates the meaningful use of language
Grammar
rules by which phrases and sentences are formed
Syntax
the meaning signified in words
Semantics
the study of speech sounds
Phonetics
the smallest classes of sounds that carry meaning
Morphemes
the analysis of body language
Kinesics
the use of touch & definitions of personal space
Proxemics
absence of speech with different meanings in different cultural contexts.
Silence
the study of the relations between early and later forms of language
Historical linguistics
a group of related languages descended from a common ancestral language.
Language family
the separation of different languages across time and space
Divergence
Claims that language governs and/or constrains human cognition
. Linguistic particularism
- States that language determines the worldview of its speakers.
Sapirawhorf Hypothesis
- claims that culture governs & contrains language and its development
. Linguistic relativity
Study of culture through peoples use of language to categorize & classify people, objects, & activities..
Ethnosemantics
Languages that combine sound grammatically forms and vocabularies from several different linguistic sources .
Creoles:
: Rudimentary languages that have a simplified grammar and a limited vocabulary.
Pidgins
Languages used in particular areas by speakers of many different languages in order to communicate with each other..
Lingual Francas
actually intelligible varieties of language
Dialects
boundaries between areas of use and nonuse of a linguistic item used to identify dialect boundaries.
Isoglossi
Sociolinguistics: studies how language relates to social class, context, and gender
. Sociolingustics
specialized vocabulary used by people who share specific communication needs relating to their work or some activity.
- Jargin:
- Men and women display a number of difference in their use of American English
Language Gender
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