Antibiotics

Biology 221 with Van_berkom at Bethel University & Seminary

About this deck

By: Bridget Kegley
Textbook:

Focus on Nursing Pharmacology (Point (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins))

Pathophysiology
Created: 2011-03-15
Size: 51 flashcards
Views: 239

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Penicillins (β-lactams): MOA (mechanism of action)

Inhibit synthesis of the cell wall in susceptible bacteria

Penicillins (β-lactams): Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Bactericidal

Spectrum

Narrow- Injectable (penicillin G) and Oral (Penicillin V) and Broad - add gm neg (Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Ticarcillin, Methicillin)

Penicillins (β-lactams): Indications

streptococcal,pneumococcal,staphylococcal, and other susceptible bacteria

Penicillins (β-lactams): Pharmacokinetics

absorbed well in GI Tract; excreted unchanged in the urine

Penicillins (β-lactams): Contraindications and cautions

caution with renal disease

Penicillins (β-lactams): Adverse Effects

Type I and Type III Hypersensitivity

Cephalosporins (β-lactams): MOA (mechanism of action)

interfere with the cell wall synthesis of bacteria when they divide

Cephalosporins (β-lactams): Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Bactericidal

Cephalosporins (β-lactams): Spectrum

each generation its own

Cephalosporins (β-lactams): Indications

treatment of infections caused by susceptible bacteria

Cephalosporins (β-lactams): Pharmacokinetics

absorbed in GI tract; may be used IV/IM; metabolized in liver, excreted in urine

Cephalosporins (β-lactams): Contraindications and cautions

caution with hepatic or renal impairment

Cephalosporins (β-lactams): Adverse Effects

GI tract because it kills bacteria normal in GI tract

Cephalosporins (β-lactams): Drug-Drug Interactions

oral anticoagulants, ETOH ---- causes bleeding episodes

Cephalosporins (β-lactams): Generations

1st- moderate spectrum, slightly more gm negative then PCNs 2nd- more gm neg.and mor ?-lactamase resistance 3rd- increase activity against gm neg, les against gm pos. 4th- similar to 1st more ?-lactamase resistance, active against pseudomonas

Aminoglycosides: MOA (mechanism of action)

Inhibits protein synthesis

Aminoglycosides: Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Bactericidal

Aminoglycosides: Pharmacokinetics

IM, IV, topical

Aminoglycosides: Adverse Effects

ototoxicity (ear toxicity) and nephrotoxicity

Fluoroquinolones: MOA (mechanism of action)

interferes with DNA replication in susceptible gram-negative bacteria, preventing cell reproduction

Fluoroquinolones: Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Bactericidal

Fluoroquinolones: Spectrum

Broad

Fluoroquinolones: Indications

treating infections cause be susceptible strains of gram-negative bacteria. ex. urinary tract, respiratory track, skin infections

Fluoroquinolones: Pharmacokinetics

Absorbed in GI tract, Metabolized by liver, excreted in urine and feces

Fluoroquinolones: Contraindications and cautions

known allergy, pregnancy, lactating women, Children under 18- causes cartilage lesions

Fluoroquinolones: Adverse Effects

Generally well tolerated; headache, dizziness, GI upset, bone marrow depression

Fluoroquinolones: Drug-Drug Interactions

antacids (decrease absorption or fluoroquinolones), Theophylline- increase blood levels, Quinidine increase QT interval

Sulfonamides: MOA (mechanism of action)

inhibit folic acid synthesis; competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthetase (folic acid synthesis)

Sulfonamides: Spectrum

Broad

Sulfonamides: Indications

treatment of infections caused by gram negative and gram positive

Sulfonamides: Pharmacokinetics

well absorbed in GI, Metabolized in live and excreted in urine

Sulfonamides: Adverse Effects

renal effects related to filtration of drug (kidney stones); Hypersensitivity I, II, III

Sulfonamides: Drug-Drug Interactions

Increased metabolism of oral anticoagulants and diabetic agents (higher blood sugar levels)

Tetracyclines: MOA (mechanism of action)

inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria, preventing cell replication ( 30s Subunit)

Tetracyclines: Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Bacteriostatic

Tetracyclines: Spectrum

Broad

Tetracyclines: Indications

treatment of various infections caused by susceptible strains of bacteria

Tetracyclines: Pharmacokinetics

adequately absorbed in GI, concentrated in liver, excreted unchanged in urine and feces

Tetracyclines: Contraindications and cautions

allergy, pregnancy and lactation

Tetracyclines: Adverse Effects

GI irritation, skeletal (damage to bones and teeth), Photosensitivity

Tetracyclines: Drug-Drug Interactions

Penicillin G, increases metabolism of oral contraceptives

Tetracyclines: Food-Drug Interactions

binds to calcium and then is not absorbed by the body and passed through GI

Macrolides: MOA (mechanism of action)

inhibits protein synthesis by interferring with 50s ribosomal subunit;

Macrolides: Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

bactericidal or bacteriostatic depends on dose and sensitivity

Macrolides: Indications

Acute infections of susceptible bacteria

Macrolides: Pharmacokinetics

absorbed in GI, erythromycin is concentrated in liver and excreted in the bile in active form others are metabolized by liver and excreted in bile

Macrolides: Contraindications and cautions

known allergies, hepatic disease

Macrolides: Adverse Effects

GI effects- diarrhea, vomiting, cramping

Macrolides: Drug-Drug Interactions

potent hepatic enzyme down regulators (decrease metabolism of many drugs)

Macrolides: Food-Drug Interactions

decreases GI absorption of macrolides (take on empty stomach)

About this deck

By: Bridget Kegley
Textbook:

Focus on Nursing Pharmacology (Point (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins))

Pathophysiology
Created: 2011-03-15
Size: 51 flashcards
Views: 239

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy