AP US History Review

History Of The Americas with Gates at William G Enloe High School

About this deck

By: Nivi Palanivel
Created: 2011-04-19
Size: 77 flashcards
Views: 58

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Pre-Columbian People

- math based calendar

- irrigation system

- domesticated cereal crops

- herbal medicine

- large cities (Aztec capital)

Columbian Exchange

exchange of plants and animals

NW > corn, tomatoes, potatoes (diseases: syphilis)

Eur > horses, cows, pigs (diseases: smallpox)

Iroquois Confederacy

- most important and powerful Native American alliance

- confronted colonists

Worcester vs Georgia 1831

- Cherokee mounted court challenge to removal order

- Supreme Court upheld rights of tribe to keep their lands

- Andrew Jackson refuses to recognize Court's decision

Trail of Tears

- Jackson's policy of removing Cherokee to settlements across Mississippi R.

- relocation into Oklahoma

- 1/4 of Cherokee died along the way

Act of Toleration

- Second Lord Baltimore

- granted religious freedom to all Christians

Jamestown

- first permanent English settlement

Plymouth Colony

- first royal colony

- Puritans

- Mayflower Compact

Massachusetts Bay Colony

- second royal colony

- John Winthrop

- Great Migration: religious civil war in England that led 15,000 to MB

Bacon's Rebellion

- Nathaniel Bacon disliked Gvnr Berkely favoring Eastern merchants over Western farmers

- raided/massacred Indian settlements on VA border

- burned Jamestown settlement

- died of dysentery and rebellion suppressed

Headright System

to attract immigrants offered 50 acres of land to those who could:

- pay for own passage

- pay for passage of an immigrant

Anne Hutchinson

- antinomianism: faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation

- challenged Puritanism in Mass Bay

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

- first written constitution in American history

- representative govt elected by popular vote

- govnr chosen by legislature

King Phillip's War

- chief of Wampanoags united Native Americans

- fought against the English who were encroaching their lands

- basically ended Native American resistance in New England

Quakers

- Religious Society of Friends

- equality of all men and women, nonviolence, resistance to military service

- religion found in soul, not Bible

The Holy Experiment

William Penn's idea of Pennyslvania to provide a religious refuge for Quakers

Mercantilism

- trade, colonies, and accumulation of wealth as basis for a country's military and political strength

- colonies provide raw materials for benefit of mother country

Navigation Acts (1650-1673)

- trade to and from colonies can only be conducted on English/colonist ships

- all good imported into colonies must pass through English ports

- "enumerated" goods (tobacco) could be exported to England only

Dominion of New England

- James II attempt to increase royal control

- combined NE colonies into one colony

- failed

Triangular Trade

- America > Africa: rum

- Africa > America: slaves

- America > Europe: raw goods

Great Awakening

- Jonathan Edwards: "Sinners at the Hands of an Angry God"

- George Whitefield: those who openly believed in Jesus would be saved; ordinary people could be saved if they had faith and sincerity; did not need ministers

- 1730s - 1740s

New Lights vs Old Lights

- New Lights: those supporting Great Awakening

- Old Lights: those against fervor of Great Awakening

called for:

- separation of church and state

- competition to attract followers

- increased religious diversity

Zenger Case

- John Zenger charged with libel of NY's govnr

- English common law: illegal to slander any govnr

- Jury acquits Zenger

- gives press more liberty to criticize govt in colonies

Cause of French & Indian War

- French built forts along Ohio River Valley to halt British expansion westward

- British wanted to stop French construction of Fort Dunesque

- Govnr VA sent George Washington to fight; won initial fight, then surrenders to French

Albany Plan of Union

- Ben Franklin: intercolonial govt and system for recruiting troops and collecting taxes for common defense

- failed

- set precedence for other intercolonial congresses

Peace of Paris

- GB gets French Canada and Spanish Florida

- France gives Spain Louisiana and claims west of Mississippi to make up for Spain having to give GB Florida

Pontiac's Rebellion

- Chief Pontiac angry at colonists for moving westward without offering gifts

- destroyed forts and settlements

- British sent in troops instead of letting colonists handle it

Proclamation of 1763

- prohibited colonist from settling wet of Appalachian Mountains to prevent future hostilities btwn colonists and Indians

- colonists angry; move west anyway

Sugar Act (Revenue Act 1764)

- taxed foreign sugar and luxuries

- to raise money for crown

- stricter enforcement under Navigation Acts to stop smuggling

Quartering Act

require colonists to prove food and shelter for British soldiers stationed in colonies

Stamp Act 1765

- raise funds for British military in colonies

- revenue stamps placed on most printed documents

- first direct tax collected by those who bought goods (other taxes paid by merchants)

Declaratory Act

- Stamp Act repealed

- Parliament had right to tax and make laws for colonies

Townshend Acts

- new duties on imports (tea, glass, paper)

- search of private homes with writ of assistance

Boston Massacre

- colonists hated guards sent to protect customs officials

- March 1770: harassed guards

- guards open fire, killing 5

- Sam Adams used incident to inflame anti-British sentiment

Gaspee

- British ship that caught smugglers

- Colonists disguised as Indians burned ship

Boston Tea Party

- Tea Act 1773: British tea cheaper than smuggled Dutch tea

- colonists refuse to buy, b/c would be recognizing right to tax

- disguised as Indians, burn ships, dump tea

- mixed reactions among colonists: destruction of private property vs liberty

Coercive Acts 1774

- Port Act: closed Boston until tea paid for

- MA Govt Act: reduce MA legislature power, inc power of royal gvnr

- Admin of Justice Act: allowed royal official accused of crime to be tried in Eng not colonies

- British troops could be quartered in private homes

Quebec Act 1774

British organized Canadian lands

- Roman Catholicism official religion of Quebec

- govt w/o rep assembly

- extend Quebec territory to Ohio R

John Locke

- Two Treatises of Govt

- while state is supreme, bound to follow "natural laws" based on natural human rights

- citizens have right and duty to rebel if govt fails to protect rights

First Continental Congress

- Suffolk Resolves: rejected Intolerable Acts (boycott)

- Declaration of Rights and Grievances: urged king to redress

- Association: urged creation of committees to enforce Suffolk resolves

- if rights not recognized, second congress meet May 1775

Lexington & Concord

- April 8, 1775 Gage sent troops to seize colonial military supplies

- minutemen meet them @ Lexington

- 1st shot of Amer Rev

- British continue to Concord, destroy supplies

- attacked by minutemen on return to Boston: humiliated by amateurs

Bunker Hill

- June 17, 1775

- colonist stronghold

- British take over hill, colonist inflict strong casualties

Common Sense

- Thomas Paine's argument for colonies becoming independent states and breaking political ties with British

- against common sense to be ruled by a small distance land with corrupt unreasonable govt

Saratoga

- Victory @ Saratoga 1777 persuades France to join Americans

- France figured it could weaken England if it helped the rebels

Yorktown

- 1781 last major battle of Rev War

- surrender of Cronwallis

Treaty of Paris 1783

- Britain recognize US as independent nation

- Mississippi R western boundary of US

- Americans get fishing rights off Canadian coast

- American pay debts owed to British merchants and honor Loyalist claims for property confiscated during war

Articles of Confederation

- ratified March 1781

- unicameral legislature, each state given 1 vote

- COULD: wage war, make treaties, send diplomatic reps, borrow money

- COULD NOT: enforce own laws, regulate commerce, collect taxes

Northwest Ordinance 1787

granted limited self- govt and prohibited slaver in developing territory past Great Lakes and Ohio River

Constitutional Convention 1787

- all states except Rhode Island sent reps

- George Washington elected chairman

Great Compromise (Connecticut Plan)

2-house Congress

- equal representation in Senate

- each state represented according to population in House of Representatives

3/5 Compromise

counted each slave as 3/5 of a person for determining taxation and representation

Commercial Compromise

Congress can:

- regulate interstate and foreign commerce

- place tariffs on foreign imports

- prohibited taxes on exports

Federalists

- those who supported the Constitution and strong federal govt

- Federalist Papers: reasons for practicality of Constitution

- Bill of Rights not needed b/c if govt is elected, no need to protect people against themselves

Anti-Federalists

- those who opposed the Constitution and wanted power in the states

- wanted Bill of Rights b/c protects against possibility of tyranny

1st Amendment

freedom of:

- religion

- press

- assembly

- speech

- petition

( RAPPS)

2nd Amendment

people have right to keep and bear arms in state militia

3rd Amendment

people cannot be required to quarter soldiers during peacetime

4th Amendment

govt may not carry out unreasonable search/seizure of property

5th Amendment

- no one may be deprived of life, liberty, or property w/o due process

- no defendant in criminal case may be forced to give evidence against himself

- no double jeopardy

6th Amendment

- right to speedy and public trial

- right to call and question witnesses

7th Amendment

in most civil cases, citizens have right to trial by jury

8th Amendment

people accused/convicted of crimes protected against:

- excessive bail and cruel

- unusual punishments

9th Amendment

any rights not specifically mentioned are guaranteed against govt infringement

10th Amendment

all powers not delegated to fed govt belong to states or people

Judiciary Act 1789

- Supreme Court: 1 chief justice, 5 associate justices

- system of 13 district courts and 3 circuit courts of appeals

Proclamation of Neutrality 1793

neutrality in French Revolution

Citizen Genet

- French diplomat asking the US to help France

- asked to leave US

Pinckney Treaty 1795

Spain agrees to:

-open lower Mmississippi R and New orleans to American ships w/o paying duties to Spanish govt

- accept US claim that Florida's boundary is at 31st parallel

Treaty of Greenville 1794

defeated Native American chiefs agree to surrender claims to Ohio territory

Whiskey Rebellion 1794

- rebellion by farmers who could not afford tax on their whiskey

- Washington sent troops to scare them; no bloodshed

- resented among westerners who thought the govt had too much power against common people

Shay's Rebellion 1786

- Daniel Shays and other poor farmers were in debt

- staged a rebellion against their debtors

- attempted to take Springfield arsenal

- federal forces sent to quell rebellion

Democrat-Republicans 1790s

- strict interpretation of Constitution

- weak central govt

- small military

- favored agriculture

- no natl bank

- opposed tariffs

- skilled workers, small farmers, plantation owners

XYZ Affair

- French ships were seizing US merchant ships

- French ministers X,Y,Z requested bribes for negotiations

- US wanted war, but Adams didn't think military was strong enough

Naturalization Act

b/c most immigrants voted Dem-Rep (Adams was Federalist), they had to wait 14 years (instead of 5) before applying for citizenship

Alien Acts

- president could deport an aliens considered dangerous

- detain any enemy aliens in time of war

Sedition Act

- illegal for any newspapers to criticize President or Congress

- imposed heavy penalties for those violating law

Revolution of 1800

Change from Federalist (John Adams) to Democratic-Republican control ( Thomas Jefferson)

About this deck

By: Nivi Palanivel
Created: 2011-04-19
Size: 77 flashcards
Views: 58

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis