April 9th, 2009

April 9, Genetics CREATEDATE 5/1/09 12:43 PM April 9, 2009 Social: Categorical Heavily on external morphology Census form Genetic: Relative, not absolute, no such thing as categorical races A - up B ? Up (to c) down (to a) C ? down Similarity of WHOLE genome Race ? population with characteristic set of allele frequencies that has been mating within itself for a long time. [Population] 1. from a genetic perspective, genetic data overlap with social definition 2. from a social perspective, the overlap doesn?t have to be quite as great A lot of our attitudes about race may come from the recognition of faces. How different are existing human populations?? Between 85% and 95% of all human genetic variation exists within a continental population. We are not terribly different then one another even though we may look it. We are a new species and haven?t had the time to diversify yet. Two major laws in old textbooks Equipotentiality any stimulus can be associated with any response with equal.. Temporal contiguity, stimulus-response must occur quickly Garcia ( Garcia effect; Garcia and Koelling ? due to noticing rats weren?t drinking water, so he sweetened it up to help them, and the color was for different stimulus Trying to learn to avoid water with radiation poisoning or shock Sweet H20 Lithium learned Colored H20 Shock learned Types of objects that get subscribed to phobias: Specific animals Environmental situations; height, enclosed places, open places.. etc Social fears; public speaking Ages of onset have very different patterns Animals ? rarely develop after age 12 Environmental ? rarely before 12, with some enclosed spaces being an exception to that Social ? difficult to pinpoint age of onset, usually early though Ohman ? measured peoples anxiety responses Anxiety over time, House anxiety was high, and then as time increased it went down Sneak did not habituate, once it was there it stayed there Agoraphobia ? many different induced fears Situations for environmental situations Exacerbated by crowds, can cause people to be house bound for many years