Apush Test 10,11,12. Review according to Norton.com

In the early national period the phrase referred to road building and the development of water transportation..

A leading attorney who argued many famous cases in the Supreme Court.  Congressman from New Hampshire and senator representing Massachusetts.
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-opposed National bank in the 1816 Vote for the National Bank

-Whig party leader, Kentucky congressman and senator, Secretary of State under John Quincy Adams and an unsuccessful candidate for the Presidency in 1824, 1832, and 1844.

-Supported national Bank.

-Advanced American system economic program

-Proposed the Missouri Compromise

South Carolina congressman, senator, vice president under John Quincy Adams as well as Andrew Jackson.  At first a nationalist, he later became a defender of states rights.

-Supported national bank.

-Wrote South Carolina exposition and Protest.

First federal interstate road, built between 1811 and 1838 and stretching from Cumberland, Maryland, to Vandalia, Illinois.

-Originally called the Cumberland Rd.

Virginia senator and anti-federalist who became the Fifth President of the United States.

Contemporary characterization of the administration of popular Democratic-Republican president James Monroe, 1817-25.

The 7th President of the United States.  He represented Tennessee as a Congressman and Senator, and as a major-general

- Defeated the British at New Orleans in the War of 1812.

Financial collapse brought on by sharply falling cotton prices, declining demand for American exports, and reckless western land speculation.

Deal proposed by Kentucky senator Henry Clay to resolve the slave/free imbalance in Congress that would result from Missouri's admission as a slave state; in the compromise of March 20, 1820, Maine's admission as a free state offset Missouri, and slavery was prohibited in the remainder of the Louisiana Territory north of the southern border of Missouri.

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, he believed in strong federal government.  His most enduring decisions included Dartmouth College v. Woodward, Gibbons v. Ogden. and McCulloch v. Maryland.

(1819) U.S. Supreme Court upheld the original charter of the college against New Hampshire's attempt to alter the board of trustees; set precedent of support of contracts against state interference.

(1819) U.S. Supreme Court decision in which Chief Justice John Marshall, holding that Maryland could not tax the Second Bank of the United States, supported the authority of the federal government versus the states

(1824) U.S. Supreme Court decision reinforcing the "commerce clause'' (the federal government's right to regulate interstate commerce) of the Constitution; Chief Justice John Marshall ruled against the State of New York's granting of steamboat monopolies.

President James Monroe's declaration to Congress on December 2, 1823, that the American continents would be thenceforth closed to colonization but that the United States would honor existing colonies of European nations.

Sixth President of the United States, he served as secretary of state under James Monroe.  In a close race with Andrew Jackson, William H. Crawford, and Henry Clay, the decision was left up to the House of Representatives. Speaker of the House Henry Clay threw his support behind Adams insuring his victory.

Written in 1828 by Vice-President John C. Calhoun of South Carolina to protest the so-called Tariff of Abominations, which seemed to favor northern industry; introduced the concept of state interposition and became the basis for South Carolina's Nullification Doctrine of 1833.

The term-meaning the filling of federal government jobs with persons loyal to the party of the president-originated in Andrew Jackson's first term; the system was replaced in the Progressive Era by civil service.

Nickname given to Andrew Jackson

New York senator, Andrew Jackson's secretary of state and in his second term of office vice-president, and eighth president of the United States.

An innkeeper's daughter and wife of Jackson's secretary of war, John Eaton.  Scandal surrounding the death of her first husband caused her to be ostracized by the women of official Washington.  Jackson and Van Buren's support of Mrs. Eaton brought about the fall of Jackson's first cabinet.

Federal funding for a Kentucky road, vetoed by President Andrew Jackson in 1830.

Legislation in which congressmen try to pluck a morsel for their districts.

Concept of invalidation of a federal law within the borders of a state; first expounded in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798), cited by South Carolina in its Ordinance of Nullification (1832) of the Tariff of Abominations, used by southern states to explain their secession from the Union (1861), and cited again by southern states to oppose the Brown v. Board of Education decision (1954).

(Tariff of 1828) Taxed imported goods at a very high rate; the South hated the tariff because it feared it would provoke Britain to reject American cotton.

Another word for nullification whereby a state could interpose state authority and in effect repeal a federal law.

U.S. Senate debate of January 1830 between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Hayne of South Carolina over nullification and states' rights.

President Andrew Jackson's strong criticism of South Carolina's Ordinance of Nullification (1832) as disunionist and potentially treasonous.

1830) Signed by President Andrew Jackson, the law permitted the negotiation of treaties to obtain the Indians' lands in exchange for their relocation to what would become Oklahoma.

Cherokees' own term for their forced march, 1838-39, from the southern Appalachians to Indian lands (later Oklahoma); of 15,000 forced to march, 4,000 died on the way.

Georgia law had required whites in the territory to get licenses authorizing their residence there, and to take an oath of allegiance to the state. Two New England missionaries among the Indians refused and were sentenced to four years at hard labor. On appeal their case reached the Supreme Court as Worcester v. Georgia (1832), and the Court held that the Cherokee Nation was "a distinct political community" within which Georgia law had no force. The Georgia law was therefore unconstitutional

President of the Bank of the United States.  U. S. president Andrew Jackson felt the bank held too much financial power, and vetoed a bill to recharter the bank.

In addition to being the first third party, it was the first party to hold a national nominating convention and the first to announce a platform, all of which it accomplished in 1831 when it nominated William Wirt of Maryland for president.

Major economic depression lasting about six years; touched off by a British financial crisis and made worse by falling cotton prices, credit and currency problems, and speculation in land, canals, and railroads.

(1840) Promoted by President Martin Van Buren, the measure sought to stabilize the economy by preventing state banks from printing unsecured paper currency and establishing an independent treasury based on specie.

Governor of the Indiana Territories who became a national hero after the Battle of Tippecanoe.  The last Whig President, he was also the first to die in office (of pneumonia).