Archaeology exam review 1

Archaeology 302 with Byers at University of North Texas

About this deck

By: Steven Guckenheimer
Created: 2010-09-28
Size: 44 flashcards
Views: 35

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Arkhailogia

The study of ancient things

anthropology

the study of humanity or people.

geoarchaeology

archaeological research applied to earth science

primatologists

study of nonhuman primates (animals)

ethnology

study the behaviors of different cultures

paleanthropology

the study of skeloten remains (physical)

Archbishop James Usher

published a chronology to establish the time and date of the creation as the night preceding Sunday, 23 October 4004 BC

Jacques de Perthes

found handaxes in the river valleys

Carolus Linnaies

Zoologist-binomial nomenclature. Father of ecology

Charles Darwin

Natural selection

C J Thomesen, E B Tylor

He wrote a guide to northern antiquities

Absolute dating

can associate a year with an object or site

relative dating

associates sites and objects in chronological order

14C

an isotope used to date radioactive decay

K-Ar dating

measures the amount of argon 40 buildup in volcanic rock.

Its half life is 1.250 billion years

used to find the absolute age of old samples.

Archaologists have as their focus...

material remians of past human behavior

Artifacts

anything manafactured by humans. Usually can fit it in a bag

Index fossils are used for

Crossdating

Dendrochronology

tree ring dating. Add one growth ring every year. By seeing the actual year the tree's final ring was added, an exact date can be associated with the site.

superposition

sedimentary layers are deposited in a time sequence, with the oldest on the bottom and the youngest on the top.

Uniformitarianism

the present is the key to the past

Radiometric dating

used to date materials such as rocks using decay rates. (Potassium argon dating is one of technique)

Paleomagnetism

study of the record of the Earth's magnetic field in rocks.

Led to the theory of continental drift and its transformation into plate tectonics.

Parent stock to modern humans

Africanus

A Site

A place where material remains of human activity are found

Miocene

25 million to 5 million years ago.

Means "less recent"

Warmer global climate

age of apes

orroin tugensis

Pliocene

5-2.5 mya

youngest epoch of the niogene period

Means "continuation of the recent"

global cooling-andvance of ice sheets decrease in rainforests

age of mamals, hominids

Lucy

Australopithecus afarensis

4.0-3.0 mya

small brain-375-550 cc

3'6 tall

East Africa

Last Common Ansestor

fully bipedal

Immediate ansestor to A. Africanus and A. Garhi is

robustus

Louis and Mary Leaky discovered the oldest tool in East Africa. What is it?

The Oldowan

sharp rock served as a chopping tool

olduvai gorge in Tanzania

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution is known as

Natural Selection

The characteristic that allowed our ansestors to survive the end of the miocene was

the ability to adapt

The end result of a vegan diet is a sagittal crest, which species possessed one?

Robustus Bosei

A proposed explanation for some phenomenon is called a

hypothesis

Carbon dating and potassium/argon dating are based on the process of

radiometric dating

Orrion tugenesis

found in Kenya

6.2-5.6 mya

A. ramidus

4.4 mya

found 45% of the skeloten

Ethiopia

Kenyanthropus platyops

3.5-3.2 mya

Lucy's pretty sister

Kenya

A. Africanis

3-2 mya

body and brain slightly larger

cranal capacity-420-500cc (size of a chimps brain)

A. Robustus

2.5-1.5 mya

nutcracker cousin

South Africa

sagital crest (vegetarian)

A. Boisei

ethiopia, tanzania, Kenya (East Africa)

2.2-1.4

A. Garhi

2.5 mya

ethiopia (East Africa)

types of habitation sites and special purpose sites

1) habitation sites (where people are living)

a) open air sites (along shores in the open)

b) cave and rock shelters

2) correy sites (where they went to get raw materials for stone tools)

3) Kill sites (crushed skulls ect...)

principle of association

the assumption that if two objects are found in their primary context in the same strata of a site, they very likely date to the same time period.

About this deck

By: Steven Guckenheimer
Created: 2010-09-28
Size: 44 flashcards
Views: 35

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
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