ASD & ADHD
Psychology 51006a with D.custance at Goldsmiths College
About this deck
By: Alexandra Jakob
Textbook:
Biopsychology (with MyPsychKit Student Access Code Card) (7th Edition)
Foundations of Physiological Psychology (with MyPsychKit) (7th Edition)
Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour
Created: 2012-04-29
Size: 15 flashcards
Views: 56
Textbook:
Biopsychology (with MyPsychKit Student Access Code Card) (7th Edition) Foundations of Physiological Psychology (with MyPsychKit) (7th Edition) Psychology: The Science of Mind and BehaviourCreated: 2012-04-29
Size: 15 flashcards
Views: 56
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Kanner's 1943 Autism Obervations
- Profound lack of social engagement from birth
- Communication problems (some children weremute)
- Hated changes of routine
- Restricted interests
- Perseverative behaviour
Believed autism arrose to due lack of parental warmth
Asberger 1944
Definition of autistic psychopathy much wider than Kanner's, ranging from severe organic damage to shades of normality.
Now Asberger's syndrome is used for individuals with normal IQ and well-developed language skills
Cox et al. 1975 response to Kanner
Parents of autistic children are just as warm, responsive and sociable as other parents
Rutter's obervations
- Distinctive impaired social development = not mental retardation
- Distinctive impaired communicative development = not mental retardation
- Distinctive impaired communicative development = not result of cognitive delay
- insistence on sameness
Rutter's obervations
- Distinctive impaired social development = not mental retardation
- Distinctive impaired communicative development = not mental retardation
- Distinctive impaired communicative development = not result of cognitive delay
- insistence on sameness
DSM-IV Criteria for Autism Disorder
A. A total of six or more items from (1), (2), and (3), with at least two from (1), and one each from (2) and (3)
(1) social interaction
(2) communication
(3) repetitive/stereotyped behavior, interests, activities
B. Delays/abnormal functional-at least one area:
(1) Social interaction
(2) Social language
(3) Symbolic/imaginary play
C. Differential diagnosis (rule out):
(1) Rett's Disorder
(2) Childhoos disintegrative disorder
Autism Causes
- Genetic- 60% concordance rates, monozygotic twin studies
- Abnormal subcotrical brain structures- amygdala, frontal lobe
- Mirror neurons impairment- deficit in imitation, empathy, language
- Macrocephaly, single most consistent physical characteristic
Theoretical accounts of autism
TOM- Baron-Cohen - does not account for non-social elements of autism
Weak Central Coherence Theory - Frith, 1989; Happe, 1999 - accounts for processing bias
ADHD
- High level of inattentive, impulsive and restless behaviour
- Onset: before the age of 5, usually before 2.
- Prevalence: 3-5 % of the population
DSM-IV ADHD
Inattentive
Impulsive
Hyperactivity
Cognition in ADHD
- Associated with a wide range of func- tionalimpairments, including academic problems,educational underachievement, and peer socialproblems
- Douglas - failure to‘stop, look and listen’, and so directed attention toinhibitory systems
Genetic basis for ADHD
- If parents have ADHD, 50 % of children will
- .7 - .8 correlation in monozygotic twins
- also a substantial genetic influence for hyperactivity
Medicating ADHD
Ritalin (methyphenidate)
- Effects are paradoxical
- Studies show 75% of kids improve after treatment
How Ritalin functions
- Dopamine & noradrenaline agonist in parts of the brain involved in attention
- Does not work in all children
ADHD behaviour therapy
- Reinforced for behaving appropriately
- Earn stars for good behaviour
- Therapy is focused on improving functioning, less on reducing unwanted behaviours.
About this deck
By: Alexandra Jakob
Textbook: Biopsychology (with MyPsychKit Student Access Code Card) (7th Edition)
Foundations of Physiological Psychology (with MyPsychKit) (7th Edition)
Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour
Created: 2012-04-29
Size: 15 flashcards
Views: 56
Textbook:
Biopsychology (with MyPsychKit Student Access Code Card) (7th Edition) Foundations of Physiological Psychology (with MyPsychKit) (7th Edition) Psychology: The Science of Mind and BehaviourCreated: 2012-04-29
Size: 15 flashcards
Views: 56
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis