Basics (ch 1)
Chemistry 241 with Winchester at Grand Valley State University
About this deck
By: Jessica Pontow
Created: 2011-09-24
Size: 40 flashcards
Views: 4
Created: 2011-09-24
Size: 40 flashcards
Views: 4
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isomer
same molecular formula, different structure (or different connectivity)
isotopes
diff # of neutrons so diff mass #
mass number
amount of protons + neutrons in the nucleus
atomic number
amount of protons or electrons in a neutral atom
why do atoms bond?
to achieve lower energy and increased stability
ionic bond
strongest, when 1 anion of an element from the far right side of the PT bonds with 1 cation of an element from the far left side of the PT
ex) NaCl
ionic bonds form
salts
a group of atoms that has only covalent bonds is called a
molecule
a molecule has only __________ bonds
covalent
covalent bonds are the __________ of electrons
sharing
ionic bonds are the ___________ of electrons
transfer
ion
an atom with more or less electrons then usual
resonance structures
lewis structures with the same placement of atoms, but different arrangement of electrons (bonds and lone pairs move around)
resonance ___________ electrons
delocalizes
What are 2 indicators that a molecule has resonance structures?
1. When a lone pair is on an atom directly bonded to an atom that has a multiple bond.
2. When an atom with a positive (+) charge is bonded to an atom with a lone pair or multiple bond.
A better resonance structure (the major contributor) has ____ bonds and ______ charges.
more bonds and fewer charges
The more important resonance structure places negative charge on the
more electronegative atom
As you move to the right (across a row) on the PT, bond length
Decreases
A C-H bond is ______ than an O-H bond
longer
As you move right across a row of the PT the size of an atom
decrease!
As you move down a column of the PT, the size of an atom
increases!
As you move down a column of the PT, bond length
increases!
Bond length and atom size are
directly related!
To determine bond angle..
count the number of groups around an atom (lone pairs and bonds)
**double and triple bonds only count as one group!
If an atom has 2 groups around it, its geometry and bond angles are
linear, 180
If an atom has 3 groups around it, its geometry and bond angles are
trigonal planar, 120
If an atom has 4 groups around it, its geometry and bond angles are
tetrahedral, 109.5
A solid wedge is used to depict a bond...
coming out in front of the plane
A dashed line is used to depict a bond..
sticking out behind the plane
A molecule with tetrahedral geometry and one lone pair has this shape
trigonal pyramid
A molecule with tetrahedral geometry and two lone pairs has this shape
bent
heteroatom
any atom that is not H or C
An atom with 4 groups has this hybridization
sp3
An atom with 3 groups has this hybridization
sp2
An atom with 2 groups has this hybridization
sp
triple bonds are __________ than single bonds
shorter and stronger
As bonds get shorter, they get
stronger
The higher % s character, the _______ the bond
shorter and stronger
the bigger difference in the electronegativity of two bonded atoms, the more ________ the bond
polar
lewis structures tell us about
-geometry
-hybridization
-bond type
About this deck
By: Jessica Pontow
Created: 2011-09-24
Size: 40 flashcards
Views: 4
Created: 2011-09-24
Size: 40 flashcards
Views: 4
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy