BDI-IIAfAmerquestions.docx

Validation of Beck Depression Inventory- Article Questions 1. What are the psychometric properties the BDI-II has shown in previous research? -High internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, and good construct and concurrent validity with other common measures of depression in clinical and nonclinical samples. 2. What is the factor structure of the BDI-II? -A two-factor solution has been identified for psychiatric outpatients, primary care medical patients, clinically depressed outpatients, depressed geriatric inpatients, and college students. Two of these studies further demonstrated that the BDI-II consists of two first-order factors, representing cognitive and somatic symptoms that comprise one second-order factor of depression. A few studies have identified a three-factor solution for the BDI-II with adolescent psychiatric outpatients and college students. 3. What is the purpose of this study? -To examine the reliability and validity of the BDI-II in a sample of Africa American, low-income, medical patients. 4. How did the researchers operationally define the sample? -Self-identified African American patients at least 18 years of age. 5. What was the level of measure of the Demographic measures? (Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) -Nominal 6. Why was the Woodcock-Johnson Oral Comprehension given? -To make sure their reading level was the same of that of the BDI-II (5th grade). 7. How is the BDI-II scored? (What level of measure?) -Interval 8. What is the PRIME-MD? -A structured interview consisting of yes-no questions originally designed for use by primary care physicians. It covers the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder as outlined by the DSM-IV. 9. What were the procedures? -Six trained doctoral students in clinical psychology approached the patients in clinic waiting rooms, provided a brief description of the study, obtained a written informed consent, and measured oral comprehension. Eligible persons were administered a demographic questionnaire and completed the BDI-II individually when possible. Study personnel then administered the Mood Module of the PRIME-MD orally prior to scoring the BDI-II. 10. What were the general findings regarding internal consistency (i.e. reliability)? -BDI-II total score, alpha=.90; cognitive factor, alpha-.81; somatic factor, alpha=.87 11. How was criterion validity assessed? -It assesses the presence and severity of depressive symptoms, and patients with major depression should have higher BDI-II scores on average than patients without this diagnosis. 12. What did the authors conclude about the findings with respect to the purpose of the study? -The results indicated strong evidence for the reliability and validity of the BDI-II in this sample and are quite consistent with previous findings for primarily Caucasian samples. 13. What four limitations of the study did the researchers note? 1. The sample included in this study was a sample of convenience. All participants were low-income, African American medical outpatients attending physician appointments. 2. A 16% refusal rate for participation among the population. 3. The PRIME-MD mood module is a brief measure designed for use in medical settings. The use of a more extensive psychiatric interview may have enhanced our attempt to establish criterion validity. 4. The sample was restricted to African Americans. It is important that the measure is validated with other ethnic minority groups.