Bio 140 Final Exam

Biology 140 with Weinsten at University of Tennessee - Knoxville

About this deck

By: Allison Canter
Textbook: Test File to Accompany Life the Science of Biology, Eighth edition
Created: 2010-05-07
Size: 65 flashcards
Views: 398

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in which molecules are hydrogen bonds important to overall structure

cellulose (carbohydrate), silk (protein), DNA, tertiary structure of protein

Like starch, cellulose is a glucose polymer found in plants. what accounts fro the chemical difference between them?

cellulose has strong hydrogen bonding between adjacent chains

what is the difference between a prokaryotic ribosome and a eukaryotic ribosome

prokaryotic ribsoomes are smaller and simpler

in a strand of DNA, the sugar phosphate backbone is held together by ___ bond while the two strands of the double helix are held together by ____ bonds

covalent; hydrogen

What mediate the process of transcription?

RNA polymerase

DNA replication is know to be

semi-conservative

The entire process of photosynthesis can be best summarized as:

breakdown of glucose for energy; release of oxygen

If ATP transfers energy to muscle protein, total of energy released from the ATP...

equals energy used to do work plus the energy released as heat

what is the main lipid in the plasma (biological) membrane?

phospholipid

The cytoskeleton consists of what?

microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

Where would one encounter a Okazaki fragment?

on the lagging strand in a replication fork

Most biomass on Earth is composed of

Prokaryotic cells

alternate splicing can account for

same gene coding, different proteins

What roles to NADH and FADH2 have in glycolysis and/or respiration?

Carry energy to electron transport chain

Chemical bonds represent

potential energy

Secondary structure of protein is characterized by

alpha helix or beta pleated sheet

What most contributes to "fluid" in nature of biological membrane?

double bonds in phospholipid fatty acids

What physical phenomenon accounts for movement of electrons down electron transport chain?

increasing electronegativity

What is rubisco?

enzyme that mediates entry of carbon dioxide into the Calvin cycle

Slow twitch muscle fiber is characterized by

high amounts of mitochondria; high oxidative capacity

What drove or facilitated evolution of mitochondrion

accumulation of oxygen

Which organelle requires oxygen to complete metabolic function

mitochondria

"primary transcript" mRNA contains

introns and exons

2nd Law of Thermodynamics states that the amount of biologically available energy is always decreasing, how then can we explain the phenomenon of life?

Law applies to "closed" system, "open" systems allow for input of energy for biological activity

What structure is responsible for guiding sister chromatids to opposite poles?

microtubules

What type of enzyme has more than one binding site?

allosteric

What feature of tRNA enables it to bind to the specific codon on mRNA

anti-codon

What is the TATA box?

promoter sequence of DNA

Which organelle is responsible for modifying and directing proteins that are eventually released by exocytosis?

golgi apparatus

Lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids are all organic molucules. what is the source of all that carbon?

Carbon dioxide

Proteins are composed of ____ linked together by _____ bonds.

amino acids; peptide

Which reaction is primarily responsible for releasing carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

Krebs cycle

How does calcium aid in the contraction of muscles?

calcium binds to troponin, which results in removal of tropmyosin from binding site.

What does RHAi do?

binds mRNA and prevents it from being transferred into protein

How does a double bond influence the character of a fatty acid?

puts a fixed bend or kink in the molecule

What is the end product of glycolysis

pyruvate

Cholorphyll of photosystem II is oxidized after absorbing the energy from a photon. What is the source of its replacement electron?

water

Glycolysis occurs in the ____ the Krebs cycle/electron transport occurs in the ____.

cytosol; mitochondria

How do enzymes assist in chemical reactions

they lower the activation energy of reactions

What factor most contributes to maintaining membrane fluidity at low temperature?

high concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipid bilayer

What is an example of a couple reaction?

synthesis of a polymer driven by breakdown of ATP

Which of the following is not a lipid?

glycogen

What is the explanation for the occurence of a double membrane found in mitochondria

engulfment leading to endosymbiosis

Hemoglobin is an example of ______ structure

quarternary

The products of the light reaction of photosynthesis are

ATP and NADPH

A sequence of genes transcribed into a single mRNA is referred to as

an operon

Lactose ____ the lac operon; tryptophan ____ the trp operon.

induces; represses

How can a change in pH affect cell function?

effect tertiary structure, function of cell proteins, and hydrogen bonds

Compartmentalization in cells in necessary for

cellular metabolism, homeostasis, cell specialization, sub-division of labor

the synthesis of macromolecules all have what in common?

each involved condensation reaction

What is accomplished by phagocytosis?

nutrients for single celled organisms, immune response in animals

Light dependent reactions occurs in _____. light independent occurs in ____.

thylakoid membrane; stroma

What is a ribozyme

RNA with tertiary structure and enzyme activity

What type of receptor is the insulin receptor?

protein kinase receptor

What property of RNA enable it to have enzymatic activity?

base pairing, leading to "tertiary" structure of RNA

What main concept enable biotechnology to be useful?

the genetic code is the same in all organisms

What can be produced in the lab, reconstructing the early Earth environment?

adenine, glucose, amino acids, ribose

What acted as template to assist in assembly of early polypeptides?

clay

Where in a cell do lipid hormones bind to receptors?

cytoplasm

In hormonal response, which molecule activates G protein

GTP

What is the importance of cAMP?

second messenger that initiates a phosphrylation cascade

What is a "first message"?

ligand that initiate cellular response

What kind of DNA is used from genetic fingerprinting?

repetitive non-coding sequences

Which is a an example of "recombiant" DNA?

bacterial plasmid containing human gene

About this deck

By: Allison Canter
Textbook: Test File to Accompany Life the Science of Biology, Eighth edition
Created: 2010-05-07
Size: 65 flashcards
Views: 398

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj