Bio 1610 final exam
Biology 1610 with Flecker at Cornell University
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Prooductivity
study of cycles of energy organic matter and nutrients through organisms and thier environment
ecosystem analysis
seeks to understand factors that regulate pools ( quantaty or stocks) and fluxz (flows) of material through ecosystem
flux
input or out put of stock
ecosystem processes
evapotranspiration, production, decomposition, carbon storage, nutrient cycling, nitrongen fixation, denitrification
GPP
Gross primary production represents total ecosystem photosythesis
RA
autotrophic respiration is the rate of energy consumption by primary producers for thier growth
what RA equals
leaves + stem + roots or growth+ maintance + ion uptake
NPP
net primary production is the net rate of organis matter production by autotrophs equation is NPP = GPP - Ra
Rh
heterotrophis respiration is the rate of consumption of organic matter
NEP
net ecosystem production is the net rate of organic matter accumulation in ecosystem NEP = NPP - Rh or GPP - RH - Ra
NEP Graph
cycle
who was forest succession expert
eugene odum
sussecion hypothesis
biomass increase over time plant respiration increase the levels off folling below biomass and NPP inside the GPP peaks the gradually declines
in petri dish
the effect os succesion is much quicker and shows more pronouce curve with little space between NPP and GPP
Variotion daily, seasonal, global
daily is temp. moist. sunlight seasonal is temp, moist. sunlight, nutrients global is same
NPP react globslly
NPP increases with temp. and precipitation
High NPP to Low NPP
High in warm wet=tropics
low in cool dry + tundra or desert
increases with evapotraspiration.
Law of minimum
LieBig's law growth is limited to limiting reasoure the barrel analogy
ex: nitrogen often limits photosynthesis
fertilizer affect plankton in lake
befor plankton low during plankton peak drasticallt after plankton drop back down. compared to level controlled lake
NPP varies
yes it does drastically between ecosystems and is controled by light climate and nutrient avalability
Generic nutrient cycling
know cycle
nutrient inputs
casued from weathering
rate of nutrient input depends on what
compostionion of initial material and the extent of past weathering
how is the phosphorous react
P decreases over time and are very low in old highly weathered soils.
ex: high in temperate adn decreases in old tropics so does the organic line
N-fixation
is anarobic process nitrogenase enzymes poisoned by O2`
industrial N-fixation
haber bosh process which is N2 = 3H2 yeilds 2NH3
input supplied in wet and dry
wet id precip. and fog /cloud ex is dissved HNO3
dry is dust and gases ex is SO4 aresols
how humans affect fixed N
roughly doubled by fertilization and agriculure
plant nutrient uptake
from fine roots and micorrhizae which are fungal symbionts with plants deliver Nand P to plants also increase surface area
NUTRIENT LOSSES plants
litter fall and also this is nutrient reabsorbtion
decomposition
breakdown of organic matter
CO2 = H2O yeilds CH2O = O2 is photosynthesis and reverse is decomp.
points of Decomp.
drovides enery for detrivores also releases CO2 to atmosphere, recycles nutrients and also recycles soil
litter decomp increasing less to great
sugars to proteins to cellulose to fats to phenolics
whos decomp.
bacteria found in high nutrient and fungi low nutrient and low PH
N ligin `
is the nitrogen ratio integrated in index of carbon and nutrient supply
mineralization
microbial conversion of organic nutrients to inorganic form also know graph
immobilization
microbial uptake of in organic nutrients
nitrogen cycle nitrification
NH4+ to NO2 to NO3- two stages of conversion know cycle graph
denitrification
converstion of NO3 to NO2 to NO to N2O to N2 it is anaerobic
The nitrogen cycle
know cycle draw it
Phosphorous cycle
know and compare to nitrogen
nutrient cycling in streams or nutrient spiriling
decomposition to disollved inorganic forms in stream to biological uptake to organic forms in organisms
nutrients moslty comes from what
through atmosphere and weathering
Nitrogrn comes from
atmosphere and deposition and fixation
Phosphorous comes from
weathering
rate of internal nutrient cycling
always exceeds rate of new input
trade off of plants and nutrients
plants spend energy or carbon inorder to aquire nutrients
paired catchment experiment
hubbard brook
nitrogen saturation graph
draw graph
atmospheric N2O trend
increases with time slanting curve
N2O sources
manuer and ferlilizer
most fertilizer nitrogen do not reach our mouths
it is put into environment called nitrogen cascade
carbon sink
net accumulation of carbon within a defined ecosysytem
GLobal carbon pools
ocean has most the fossil fuels then upland soil then froxen soil
fossil fuel CO2 emmision
greatly increasing developing nations also increase
emission from land use
tropical increasing temperate decreasing
keeling curve
charles keeling longest CO2 measurment ever
human perturbation of global carbon budget
fossil fuel source increase deforeset slight increas then level atmospheric CO2 is sink ocean is sink
Ocean acidification
due nto CO2 not heat
why does terrestrial coerbon sink exist
increase atmospgeric Co2 , climate warming, nitrogen deposition (fertilization), also land use change fire suppression, reforestation, recovery past logging
do terrestrial ecosystems ofset co1 emmision
yes
Doe snitrogen deposition effect forest growth
yes
global enertgy balance
space absorption to atmospheric absorbtion and reflection to surface absorbtion to gas and clouds.
atmosphere colder without GHG
co2 ch4 n2o cfc o3 h2o
co2 affects on land carbon sinks
young forest enhancemant but young forest could run out of nutrients
calculated doubling co2 in atmos. would warm 5 degree celsius
august svante
warming is more located toward the poles
high latitudes
northern hardwoods effected by climate change
endangers sprus also pest adelgid increasing cause not cold enough to wipe out
carbon pools and decomp potential
vegutation ,upland soils= medium, froxzen loess = high , permafrost = high peatlands = high
thermokarst
ground unthaw and massive co2 emmision
does mineralization of notriogen stimulate plant growth
yes
feedback
know cycle
About this deck
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis