bio 3133 Final Exam

Biological Sciences 3133 with Risa,cohen at Georgia Southern University

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By: Diandra white
Created: 2011-12-13
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 3

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Sympatric speciation

speciation that takes place in geographically overlapping populations

competitive exclusion principle

No two species can have the same ecological lifestyle. Can not have the same limiting resource.

sex linked gene

a gene located on the sex chromosome

cladogenesis

branching evolution, the budding of one or more species into another

transmutation

altering one species into another

adaptation

a heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment. Product of natural selection.

how natural selection can affect traits? (4 distinct ways)

disruptive selection

directional selection

stabilizing selection

frequency dependent selection

Gradualism

profound change is the cumulative product o slow but continuous process

Homologous

two traits, structures or genes similar by virtue of having descended from a common ancestor.

gene flow

the movement of individuals between populations. Movements INCREASES genetic variation within populations and DECREASES between populations.

Vestigal traits

nonfunctional traits whose continued presence is a historical remnant of a trait that had a function in an ancestor. (tailbone and appendix)

Four requirements for natural selection

reproduction

fitness

heritability

variation

chromosomal alterations

an abnormal number or structure of chromosomes can result in a number of problems and disorders

trophic efficiency

percent of production transferred from one trophic level to the next

5-10% of nrg moves through the trophic levels

law of 10s

10 tertiary consumer

100 secondary consumer

1000 primary consumer

10000 producer

Dispersal Barriers

1) Jump- rapid dispersion over inhospitable habitats (africa>france>guatemala)

2) Diffusion -slow dispersal across many generations

Patterns of dispersion

clumped: most common, aggregated patches, ie: plants or fungi

random: unpredictable spacing (wind dispersal, dandelions)

uniform: evenly spaced, territorial (ie: penguins)

Mimicry

Bastesian: harmless species mimics harmful species (nerds mimic cool kids)

Mulleriam: two species mimic each other (all the cool kids look alike)

evolution

study of genetic change in population

ecology

study of the interaction between living (biotic) and non living (abiotic) organisms and their environment.

Darwin_Evidence of evolution

1) distribution: indicates species have common ancestry

2) fossils: indicate pattern of change in species over time and relatedness

3) anatomy: indicate species traits change over time

4) modern evidence: indicate common ancestry.

Prezygotic barriers

-invisible barrier that impedes mating between species (before the sperm)

1) habitat isolation: populations live in different habitats and do not meet

2) behavioral: little or no sexual attraction

3) temporal: mating or flowering occurs at different times or seasons

4) mechanical: structural differences in genitalia

5) gametic: female and male gametes fail to attract and are inviable

Uniformitarianism

lyell and hutton

geographical process operating in the world are the same ones from the past and work slowly over time.

biogeography

indicates that species have common ancestry

adjacent islands have similar but non-identical species

ie: finches

Ecological species concept

defines species in terms of ecological niche, the set of environmental resources a species uses.

Hardy-Weinburg _ Conditions

no mutation

no migration

no natural selection

large populations

random mating

Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium

1=p2+2pq+q2

p2: frequency

About this deck

By: Diandra white
Created: 2011-12-13
Size: 27 flashcards
Views: 3

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj