Bio Final

Biology 100 with Hill at Brigham Young University

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By: Tawny Zambrano
Created: 2011-12-12
Size: 20 flashcards
Views: 28

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What are the key premises of Darwin's theory of Natural Selection?

Overproduction of offspring,

variation in traits that benefit of hurt offspring,

heritability of traits

Define Natural Selection, Fitness, and teleology

The beneficial traits will last through generations. The mechanism of evolution.

Fitness: measure of reproductive success, number of offspring that are born and survive to reproduce

teleological: not heading toward a goal; not perfect or unconstrained, etc.

Why reproduce using sex? What are the tradeoffs?

Asexuals (1) can't purge their genomes of harmful mutations, (2) at a greater risk of being wiped out by parasites/pathogens, and (3) have higher levels of sibling competition.

With sex you have variation in offspring also

Disadvantages of sex: only pass off 50% of genes and trouble of courting/finding someone, depend on others

Why are males and females different in many species? Where can we see the largest difference?

Females invest a lot in reproduction, males not so much... usually males have "ornaments" (like a peacock or lion's mane, etc)

It increases the male's chances of passing on their genes--reproducing

Why did we develop bipedalism or desire for sweetness? How can we test this hypothesis? Any data?

Bipedalism allows us to carry things, throw things--purpose of hunting better etc. (Tarahamarro tribe)

sweetness used to be hard to come by, and it gave substance and calories. Also usually means it is safe to eat (not poisonous). Those who can acquire sweetness (Tete) are those who have increased chance of reproduction, fitness, etc.

Corrected misconceptions about evolution:

Only populations evolve, not individuals

Selection is not teleological

Every species carries artifacts from earlier environments (ex. sweetness)

Sexual selection is a special case--individuals do not do things for the "good of the species"

Examples of non-human organisms that engage in homosexual behaviors? What is the biological explanation for these behaviors?

fruit flies, common toad, guppies, rams, dolphins, chinstrap penguin, japanese monkeys.

to reduce tensions, control resources, to help with offspring...

Places we can look for a biological explanation of homosexuality? What data explains the genetic and epigenetic basis of homosexuality?

twin studies--genetic

epigenetic--fraternal twins or non-twin siblings

Evaluate scientific evidence for a biological basis for homosexuality. Why are the answers complex?

Finger length--the 2nd finger relative to the 4th finger. (correlation not causation)

brain imaging... gays most closely resemble women and ice versa

Gays more likely to have older brothers

Ascribed to an antibody effect--y-linked antigens

population attributable factor

--> no gay gene found but it does seem as a result of biological factors.

What's the LDS Church's position on homosexuality? How should members behave?

There is no doctrine on it. Leave it to the scientists, but we must be loving and charitable to all God's children

Use idea of non-overlapping magesteria to partition the key questions regarding homosexuality.

Since we don't know God's standpoint on the issue, we leave it separate from church and science. They have found it to lead from biological factors, but there is no proof. Therefore, we love everyone and wait until revelation on the subject is given.

Why is there so much diversity (Riley Nelson's)

because God loves us.

Carbon makes 4 bonds.

To give us opportunities... and to make more of it!

What are the three types of diversity? Why is this relevant?

Species diversity,

Genetic diversity, &

Ecological diversity.

Relevant to classify objects and connect all the pieces even though everything is different

Why are species disappearing?

#1: Habitat destruction

also... invasive species, over-hunted, pollution, and desease

What are the 3 things Gary Snyder suggested were a solution to the cynicism and crises of our day? Wendell Berry?

Snyder= stay together, learn the flowers, go light!

Berry=knowing your place in nature, enjoy it, live it.

What does it mean to be human? How does this understanding help us to live with limited knowledge in a limited world?

Engineers--modify our environment

Offspring investment

Planning--big brains-->future

Speech, social, family-oriented, diverse, nurturing, thoughtful

Helps us to think about our choices and make the best decision

What is the relationship between life satisfaction and net worth? How do we interpret these data?

Money doesn't buy happiness! Think of what you really want out of life...

What is the role of science in helping us live with limited knowledge in a limited world?

Gather as much knowledge as possible, bring all that knowledge together, and then choose the best choice.

Science + Art + Revelation = Truth

Some guiding principles that allow us to make wise choices in spite of "seeing through a glass darkly?"

Live by faith, hope, charity.

Lift those that are without... give away your wealth to those who are needy

Transform lives instead of only giving pointless gifts

About this deck

By: Tawny Zambrano
Created: 2011-12-12
Size: 20 flashcards
Views: 28

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj