bio taxonomy
Biological Sciences 102 with Keating at Rutgers University - New Brunswick/Piscataway
About this deck
By: sarah ahn
Created: 2011-05-05
Size: 42 flashcards
Views: 16
Created: 2011-05-05
Size: 42 flashcards
Views: 16
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Rules if Nomenclature
latin
genus is always CAPITALIZED
genus can be abbreviated
genus is unique
specific epithet is not necessarily unique
Morphspecies / Biological Species
morpho- species defined by their anatomical features
bio- ernst mayr; members of the same species can reproduce offspring
Phylogeny
the study of EVOLUTIONARY history of a group of organisms from a common ancestor
homologous / homoplastic
homologous- characters are inherited by the same ancestor (ex: human arm, bat wing, whale flipper, cat forlimb)
homoplastic - characters are similar, but are from different ancestors (ex: wing of bird and butterfly)
3 types of taxonomic groups
monophyletic- all from one common ancestor
paraphyletic- some form one common ancestor
polyphyletic- from several different ancestors
Zooflagellates
unicellular
flagella
heterotrophs
excavates
phylum zooflagellates
anoxic environment
lack mitochondria
example- giardia intestinalis, trichonymphs, discicristates, choanoflagellates
Alveolates
alveoli= flattened vesicles inside the plasma membrane
Ciliates
phylum alveolates
pellicle- flexible outecovering
cilia
trichocysts - toxic filament that captures food
macronucleus
controls metabolism and growth
micronuclues
sexual reproduction- conjugation
apicomplexans
phylum alveolates
apical complex - attach and penetrate host cellsplasmodium- malaria
Cercozoa
test- hard outershell
foraminiferans
calcium carbonate test
White Cliffs of Dover-- sediments
Actinopods
axopods- thin projections of cytoplasm
radiolarian
tests made of silica
pseudopodium
temporary cytoplasmic extensions
7 characteristics of Kingdom Animalia
1. mutlicellular
2. specialized cells
3. heterotrophs
4. lack cell walls
5. locomotion
6. sense a organs and nervous system
7. reproduction - diploid stage dominant
Subkingdom Parazoa / Subkingdom Eumetazoa
para- no clearly defined tissues and organs
eumet- clearly defined tissues and organs
Phylum Porifera
no nervous system
assymetrical
budding - reproduction
Simple Sponge body inside --> out
spongocoel- osculum- choanocytes- suspension feeders
eumetazoa
2 types of symmetrey- radial and bilateral
embryonic tissure development - diploblastic and triploblastic
Bilateria (3 types)
acoelomate- solid
pseudocoelomate- not completely lined with mesoderm
coelomate-completely lined with mesoderm
Advantages to pseudo/ coelom
hydrostatic skeleton--> pressure--> movement
protostome
spiral cleavage
determinate cleavage
blastopore--> mouth
Deuterstomes
radial cleavage
indeterminate cleavage
blastopore--> anus
Phylum Plattyhelminthes
lophotrochozoa
tripoblastic
acoelomates
bilaterally symmetrical
1st to have organs
cephalization - ganglion (simple brain) - sense organs
turbellaria, cestoda, trematoda
Phylum Molluska
soft body, foot, visceral mass (organ) , mantle (covers v.m) , radula (belt of teeth)
class polyplacophora- chitens
class bivalvia- NO RADULA; clams
class gastropoda- snails ; torsion (twisting of v.m)
class cephalopoda- squids and octopuses
Phylum Annelida
segments- metamere= segments with same internal organs
class polychaeta- setae on parapodia
class oligochaeta- no parapodia ; earth worms
class hirudinea- leeches; no parapodia, no setae
Phylum Rotifera
crown of cilia
"wheel animals"
Phylum Nematoda
Ecdysozoa
round worms
pseudocoel.
cuticle- molth -> promote growth
Phylum Arthropoda
Ecdysozoa
jointed appendages, jointed exoskeleton (chitin and protein)
segmented body - head- thorax- abdomen
Subphylum trilobitmorpha
extinct
many segments
subphylum myriapoda
class chilopoda- centipedes
class diplipoda- millipedes
subphylum chelicerata
cephalothorax - fused head and thorax
chelicerae- claw like appendages
class merostomata- horseshoe crab
class arachnida- spiders, ticks scorpians
Subphylum crustacea
mandibles - bite and grind food
class malacostraca- crabs, lobsters, shrimp
Subphylum hexpoda
class insecta- wings, compound eyes, tracheal system
Phylum Echinodermata
marine
pentaradial symmetry as adultes
endoskeleton - calcareous
no brain
water vascular system
tube feet
class asteroida
sea stars
class echinodermata
sea urchins sand dollars
class holotheroidea
sea cucumbers
Phylum Hemichordata
acorn worms
ring of cilia
phylum chordata (4 characteristic)
notochord
nerve chord
gill slits
post anal tail
About this deck
By: sarah ahn
Created: 2011-05-05
Size: 42 flashcards
Views: 16
Created: 2011-05-05
Size: 42 flashcards
Views: 16
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
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