bio test 1
Biology 50 115 with Hess at Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania
About this deck
By: Dana Palermo
Created: 2011-02-17
Size: 65 flashcards
Views: 18
Created: 2011-02-17
Size: 65 flashcards
Views: 18
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Meristem
regions of active cell divisions, give rise to new cells
Apical
The primary meristem (shoot, root)
Lateral
The secondary memristem (vascular cambium, phellogen)
Dermal Tissue
Tissue: function: protective
Ground or Fundamental Tissue
Tissue: Function: storage, photosynthesis, response to injury and pathogenesis
Vascular Tissue
Tissue: function: Conductive
Meristematic Tissue
Tissue: function: generative
Epidermis
Primary dermal tissue that is covered by cuticle on aerial organs which restricts water loss
Periderm
Secondary dermal tissue composed of 3 layers
- Outer layer: Phelem or cork
-suberin(restricts water loss) - in roots and stems
-rhytidome
mesophyll / cortex / pith
ground or fundamental tissues that may be primary or secondary and one found in leaf, other 2 in stem and root.
xylem
vascular tissue that conducts water and ions, can be primary or secondary
phloem
vascular tissue that conducts transport carbos and other substances. may be primary or secondary
Apical / intercalary / marginal meristem
Meristematic tissue that gives rise to primary tissues
Lateral meristems
type of meristematic tissue that gives rise to secondary tissues (woody)
parenchyma
living cell with cellulosic wall that is usually not lignified
Chlorenchyma
Parenchyma cell if photosynethetic (various functions)
phellem / phellogen / phelloderm
3 types of dermal periderm cells.
collenchyma
living cell, with cellulosic walls and lignified corners
sclerenchyma
hard cells that are dead after deposition of lignin in wall. function: support, structure.
Ex: fibers, stone cell, sclerids
Tracheids
Conducting cells in xylem (vascular cells) that are lignified and in all vascular plants
Vessel elements
Conducting cells in xylem (vascular cells) that are found in flowring plants
sieve tube elements
conducting cells in phloem found in flowering plants and associated with companion cells (parenchyma)
Shoot apical meristem
all leaves originate from the ______
spines, pitchers, tendrils
name 3 leaf modifications
Stem
originates from shoot apical meristem
supports the aerial (shoot) portion of plant
support the leaves
epidermis
primary dermal tissue of the stem
cortex / pith
primary fundamental tissue in dicot stems
Eustele
vascular stele type in dicots
Acatostele
vascular stele in monocots
Vascular cambium
lateral meristem (woody) in between phloem and xylem
Fundamental
There is no _____ tissue in a mature stem (no pith/cortex)
Secondary Phloem
known as the inner bark
Rhytidome
outer bark made of many periderms
Root
derived from embryonic stem (adventitious)
Prop root
function of this root is to prop up the plant
Buttress root
this root helps support (usually found in thin soils)
Aerial roots
roots that hang out into air (tropic, viney)
N2-fixing root
a sybiotic root that contains "little tumors" bacteria that live in cells of roots
mycorrhizal
a symbiotic root that is fungi which increases h20 and P absorbtion.. makes mushrooms.
Parasitic roots
a symbiotic root that has little pegs that suck nutrients out of host (h20 and sugars)
Tap root
main (large) structural root that has secondary roots coming out from it
Fascicled root system
several large fleshy roots (storage roots) .. ex sweet potato
Fibrous root system
monocot root system where all roots are about the same size
Protostele
stele type in primary dicot roots
Siphonostele
stele type in primary monocot roots
Negative
Water potential is always _____ (positive or negative)? unless it is absolute zero
High / low
Water moves along a water potential gradient from _____ energy in the soil to _____ energy in the atmosphere
Osmosis
net movement of water molecules from a region of high energy to a region of low energy, across a differentially permeable membrane
Adhesion water
film tightly held to soil particles by electrical attractions (not available to plants) Ex. water + soil
Cohesion Water
film held together by H-bonds (some available to plants) Ex. water + water
Gravitational water
in the spaces between cohesion shells, subject to gravity (generally not available to plants)
Field Capacity
when the gravitational water has drained from a saturated soil. (after soaking rain) Form a loam = -0.03MPa
Wilt Point
when plants growing in the soil are wilted. Form a loam = -1-5MPa
Transpiration
the driving force for water uptake from the soil
Temperature and Air movement (wind)
Factors that speed up the transpiration rate
Relative Humidity
Factor that slows down the transpiration rate
Relative Humidity
the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the amount of water the air can hold at that temperature
Autotrophic
organisms able to synthesize their own energy
Photoautotrophs
synthesize their own energy by using light
Plastids
cellular location of photosynthesis and other processes in eukaryotes.
Found in chlorenchyma. Ex Chloroplast
Thykaloid Membrane
Photosynthetic pigments are embedded in __________.
Accessory pigments
capture photons and transfer energy to chlorophyll
Carotenoids
accessory pigment that absorbs various wavelengths. (reflects yellow, red, and orange).
Grana
Light reactions occur in _____.
Stroma
CO2 fixation ocurrs in the ______.
About this deck
By: Dana Palermo
Created: 2011-02-17
Size: 65 flashcards
Views: 18
Created: 2011-02-17
Size: 65 flashcards
Views: 18
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj
Naj