Biology

controls pituitary gland

Neurons in hypothalumus produce ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin

Hypothalamus-controls pituitary by producing hypothalamic-realising hormoes and hypothalimic-inhibiting hormones

1. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

2. Adrenocorticopic hormone (ACTH)

3.Gonadotropic hormones

4.Prolactin(PRL)

5.Melanocyte-Stimulating hormone(MSH)

6.Growth Hormone(GH)

Hands, Feet, and Facial bones is where one will grow more.

large gland in neck. Must have iodine (if iodine is lacking it will form a simple goiter.

Increase medabolic reate, causing glucose to break down and energy to be used.

Over secretion of thyroid hormone. Person is hyper active, nervous, irratible, and has insomnia.

if goes untreated one will have buldging eyeballs.

2 adreanals sit on top of kidneys

Inner portion-adrenal medulla

outter portion- adrenal cortex

controlled by hypothalamus

roduces mineral ocorticoids and glucocorticoids

Mineral- Regulate salt and water balance related to blood pressure

Glucocorticoids- Regulate carb, fat, and protien. Effects blood sugar

hormonal disease where cells are unable to take upand metabilize glucose

Person may be extremly hungry and thirsty. Breaks down proteins and fat for energy, and leads to a build up of keytunes causing people to go into a diabetic coma.

In the scrotum, produces adrogens(Male sex hormones)

Ex- Testosterone

At time of puberty, testostirone sky rockets. Causes body odor, acne, and baldness.

Side effecs: Depression, acne, balding, facial and ches hair, high cholestoral.

Causes ovulation to stop, stunts growth, low sperm count, kidney disease, breast enlargment in males, cancer.

Stimulated growth of uteris and vagina, allowing the eggs to mature. Body shape changes, hair development.

Have to have for breast development, and monthy menstration.

In the brain

Produces melatonin

Circadian rythms

"About a day"

24 Hour cycles controled by a biologial clock in the hypathalemus.

produces leptin

signals hypathalamous that on has had enough to eat.

strong chemical signals produced in the cell.

Cause complications. Cause of menstural pain.

Chemical signals that act between individuals. Evident in animals. Not very much in Humans.

Humans: women are attracted to certain men because of airmpit odor. Plasma protein membranes are attracted to oposite proties to them. Females that live together alter each others period.

Testes. Spern in sacs of the scrotum

Scrotum-skin that sacs testes.

Is produced in the testes and matures in the epididymus.

Once mature stored in the vas deferens and empties into ejaculatory duct, wich enteres the urethra. Sperm leaves the penis in a fluid called semen. Can't survive in female genital tract for more than 48 hrs.

Head- contains nuceus and is covered by the acrosome.

Acrosome- enzyme Cap that penitrates egg during fertilization.

Middle- Contains mitochondria for energy so sperm can swim.

Tail- for movement is called flagella.

Male organ of sexual intercorse

tip is covered with foreskin

Circumcision- removal of foreskin

During sexual arousal the spongy erectile tissue of the penis is filled with blood.

Testieses-epididymis-vas deferens-ejaculatory duct---urethra--- out of penis

Urethra carries urine and semen but not at the same time.

impotency

when erectile tissue dosen't expand enough to compress the veins.

Proliferative phase

Increased estrogen production causes endometrium to thicken

Created by tissues from fetus and mother; region of exchange between molecules in maternal and fetal blood; placenta proudces human chorionic gonadotropin (HGC)- calle pregnancy hormone.

No menstruation during pregnancy.

When the ovarian and uterine cycles cease; between ages 45-55; ovaries no longer secrete esteragin and progesterone.

Women have completed menopause after menstruation is absent for 1 year.

Causes heat flashes, dizyness, headaches, insomnia, sleeping, and depression.

Protects against STD's and pregnancy.

latex sheeth, fits over erect penis, traps ejaculation.

Failure to become pregnant after 1 year of regular, unprotected sex.

Occurs in 15% of all couples.

attributed to men in 40% of cases and to female in 20% of cases. In female cause is blocke oviducts, and endomitriosis. Sometimes can be treated with fertility drugs--- Gonadotropic hormones.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Caused by retrovirus HIV- Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Retrovirus- Genetic material is RNA not DNA.

Acute phase

T-lymphnotic count is 500 per cubic milimeter of blood. Can still be healthy. Symtoms may disapeare.

Chronic Phase

Varies in people; can be serveral years or moths. T-lymphocite count is 200-499. Symptoms will appear at this point. Swollen Lymphnodes, fatigue, fever, cough, diarea, memory loss, depression. Towards the end ppl will develop non life threatning sicknesses. but they are reoccuring. EX. Thrush, Herpes Simplex I.

Full blown AIDS

T-lympocites are below 200. Very think and weak. Everything put in body has side effects.

Caused by protizoens

In AIDS patients loss of brain cells, seisores, and weakness

Caused by herpes simplex virus

Type-1 causes cold sores & Fever blisters

Type 2-causee genital herpes

1st sympt- Itching & tingleing at infected site Blisters form and rupture leaving ulsers and fever. Solen lymphnodes, pain upon urination. Sunlight, stress, menstration, and sex can cause all symptoms to occure.

Caused by HPV's Human papillomavirues

New borns can be infected in birth canal

Type A- sewage contaminated water, sexually transmitted thru oral to anal contact

Type B- exual contact, blood tranfusions, contaminated needles

Can be passed from mother to child. Symptoms will be flu like. Can fause liver pronkans and failure. Is a vacine for it.

Bacteria. For every male case ther are 5 female cases.

Pain upon urination, females can develop PID( Pelvic Inflamatory Disease)

Sterillity or etropic presure

Caused by a bacteria. Diplococus.

A symptomatic- pain upon urrination, thick discharge, flamation and scaring of Females, infection spreads to ovidcuts causing PID

PID leads to build up of scar tissue or etopic pregnancy.

Caused by bacteria

Treated with anitbiotics. Rash on palms of hand and soles of feet. Effect cardio vaascular and nervous sytem problems. Ulsers can develop inside and outside of the body.

External vagina

Labia majora, labia minora, glunsc clitris, mons pubis.