Botany 300 Exam 1 - material after Quiz 1

Botany 300 with Otegui at University of Wisconsin - Madison

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By: Whitney Beilke
Created: 2010-09-23
Size: 42 flashcards
Views: 28

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The middle lamella are composed of what?

pectins

Primary cell wall is composed mostly of what? what else?

mostly Cellulose Microfibrils, but also hemicelluloses and VERY LITTLE pectin

Where is cellulose synthesized?

in the Plasma membrane

Cell spaces are composed mostly of what?

AIR

Function of middle lamella?

keeps adjacent cell walls together

What enzyme is needed to produce cellulose?

cellulose synthase (AKA Rosette)

Cellulose is made up of long polymers of what?

glucose

function of ATP Synthase/Rosette?

moves in orientation with the cell wall microtubules and forms several chains of cellulose polymers that collectively form cellulose microfibrils

What 5 requirements are needed for cell growth?

1) Cytoskeleton rearrangement
2) turgor pressure (vacuole)
3) exocytosis (golgi vesicles provide membrane and polysaccharides)

4) loosen cellulose microfibril network (wall loosening enzyme)
5) synthesis of new cellulose microfibrils

diffuse growth

growth that occurs throught the entire cell surface that is dictated by the microtubules

in diffuse growth, if the microtubules are running horizontally, which way will the cell elongate?

vertically

in diffuse growth, if the microtubules are running vertically, which way will the cell elongate?

horizontally

isodiametric growth

a type of diffuse growth in which the microfibrils run in several different directions and as a result the cell has equal change of growing in any direction producint a more rounded cell

Example of cells with isodiametric growth?

Parenchyma Cells

Where does polarized/tip growth occur?

in root hairs and pollen tubes

function of the root hairs and pollen tubes?

to increase surface are to absorb water

Polarized/tip growth what is it?/ what structural components does it require?

1) uses actin to direct all vesicle components toward the tip to grow (it is very fast and the cells only expand in one direction)

2) in flexible cell walls composed more of hemicelluloses

What shape would a cell be without a cell wall (assuming that it doesn't explode)

spherical

Apical Meristems are located where?

in the root and the shoot

protoderm primary meristem gives rise to what type of tissue and system?

primary epidermis tissue and the dermal tissue system

The primary ground meristem gives rise to what types of tissues and system?

Ground Tissues (parenchyma, colllenchyma, and sclerenchyma), Ground tissue system

The primary procambium meristem gives rise to what types of tissues and system?

Primary Xylem and Primary Phloem, Vascular Tissue System

Parenchyma - living or dead? structure? Where can it be found?

living
they have only primary cell walls

the pith

collenchmya - living or dead? structure? function?

1) living
2) enevenly thickened cell walls
3) plastic support

Sclerenchyma - living or dead? structure? function?

1. be living or dead but MOST are dead at maturity

2. have secondary walls (usually lignified) and simple pit-pairs
3. support

Cell wall has how many layers? What are they? which is the thickest?

1. three layers
2. (outer) S1 S2 S3 (inner)

3. S2 is the thickest

Amount of cellulose in secondary cell walls?

much more than in primary cell walls, about 50% makeup

Lignan is a complex polymer composed of what?

phenylpropane units

functions of lignan in the cell wall? (5)

-prevents wall enlargement

-bonds to cellulose
-resists microbial attack because bonds to cellulose are difficult to degrade
-waterproofs the wall
-increases mechanical strength

Describe the evolution of lignan?

was recently discovered that it was present in red algae and suggest convergent evolution ( that lignan has been present in plants for a very long time now)

is the secondary wall continuous? explain.

NO it is NOT continuous, secondary wall will not form where the primary pit-fields are located

Primary Pit Field

area in the primary cell wall that is higly rich in plasmodesmata

pit-pair

two pits in the secondary cells wall located in two adjacent cells

What are the two types of Sclerenchyma?

Fibers and Sclereids

Fibers

Long, and narrow sclerenchyma cells

Sclereids

short, rounded (isodiametric) sclerenchyma cells

Brachysclereids

stone cells

Macrosclereids are found where?

in seed coats

astrosclereids - structure? found in what? function?

1. highly branched sclereids
2. found in water Lily leaf
3. serve as a support column to the fragile leaf (it is fragile because it needs to float

Fibers can be found where?

in the sclerenchyma, vascular bundles, xylem and phloem

septate fibers - dead or alive? function?

alive at maturity

support and store starch

gelatinous fibers - structure?

little or no lignification (allows them more flexibility)

About this deck

By: Whitney Beilke
Created: 2010-09-23
Size: 42 flashcards
Views: 28

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj