Cellular Respiration

Biology 1210 with Flaxman at University of Colorado Boulder

About this deck

By: Raelyn Maglia
Textbook: MasteringBiology� with Pearson eText Student Access Kit for Biological Science (4th Edition)
Created: 2010-10-17
Size: 26 flashcards
Views: 35

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Contrast 1.glycolysis plus fermentation with 2. glycolysis plus aerobic respiration (citric acid electron transport, ATP synthase) KC1

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Their locations KC1

Glycolysis is located outside the mitochondria

Their need, or lack thereof, for oxygen KC1

glucose can only be broken down completely in mitochondria for high energy yield ONLY when oxygen is present
Oxygen is present in Aerobic respiration
Oxygen is not present in Fermentation

Do they yield little or a lot of energy KC1

High energy

Understand the role of fermentation KC2

Fermentation is the cellular process of breaking down sugar for energy in the absence of oxygen

What are the end products of the 2 types of fermentation and their practical applications KC2

Alcohol fermentation forms ethanol plus CO2: yeasts for beer and wine, bread leavening from the CO2 gas which is formed
Lactic acid bacteria for fermented products from milk or for other foods

Be able to relate fast-twitch to glycolysis/fermentation KC3

Fast twitch glycolytic fibers (for sprint) use glycolysis-quick, but does not provide much energy

Slow-twitch muscle fibers to glycolysis/aerobic respiration KC3

Slow twitch oxidative fibers (for extended exercise/many mitochondria) use oxidative respiration slower, but yields much more energy

Know which classes of macromolecules can be used as fuels in cellular respiration KC4

Carbohydrates (from glycogen) provide quick energy, for sprint, *glycogen = main energy store in fast-twitch glycolytic fibers)
Fats provide sustained energy for extended exercise (fat = main energy store in slow-twitch oxidative fibers)
Proteins used for energy ONLY during starvation periods

Understand that energy is transferred from (i) food molecules to (ii) energy carriers NADH and FADH2 and then (iii) into the electron transport chain, by transfer of H (electrons and H+) KC5

1. sugars broken down in steps starting with glycolysis in cytosol
2. pyruvate broken down to CO2 in citric acid cycle in mitochondria
3. energy of C-H- bonds transferred to NADH & FADH2 and then into electron transport to make ATP

Be able to explain the role of oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor KC6

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor: It accepts electrons at end of electron transport chain; O2 + ELECTRONS and H+ = WATER

Be able to apply the model of the hydroelectric dam to ATP formation by the ATP synthase KC7

Same principle used for ATP formation in mitochondria and chloroplasts

Be able to explain why mitochondria can generate heat and how uncouplers further enhance heat generation KC8

Brown fat cells produce heat in newborns, small mammals in cold climates, and hibernating animals.
Brown fat cells have many mitochondria and use uncoupling protein to uncouple electron transport from ATP formation to generate only heat and no ATP

when oxygen is present, NADH is cashed in for lots of ATP in mitochondria and is reconverted to NAD+. Without oxygen, the NADH cannot be used in mitochondia and will accumulate. If the reaction stopped at pyruvate A. glycolysis would continue to produce ATP B. glycolysis would stop because the cell

B. glycolysis would stop because the cell would run out of NAD+

Why are electron transport and proton transport said to be coupled? A. because electrons are always transferred in pairs B. because electron transport is coupled with the movement of proton against their concentration gradient C. because electron transport is coupled with the movement of protons dow

B. because electron transport is coupled with the movement of protons against their concentration gradient

Why are proton movement and ATP formation in mitochondria said to be coupled A. because the breakdown of ATP drives the movement of protons against their concentration B. because protons moving through the ATP synthase along their concentration gradient drive ATP formation C. because protons moving

B. because protons moving through the ATP synthase ALONG their concentration gradient drive ATP formation

Which metabolic process is most closely associated with membranes? A. glycolysis B. alcoholic fermentation C. ATP generation in mitochondria D. lactic acid fermentation E. citric acid cycle

C. ATP generation in mitochondria

Molecules that can potentially be converted to intermediates of glycolysis and/or the citric acid cycle include A. amino acids and proteins B. glycerol and fatty acids C. glucose and sucrose D. starch and glycogen E. all of the above

E. all of the above

Cells release the energy of energy rich food molecules. Which one of the steps below represents a change from one form of energy to another? A. use of energy rich electrons to build up a proton gradient B. use of the proton gradient to drive ATP formation C. use of an uncoupling protein for thermoge

D. all of the above

About this deck

By: Raelyn Maglia
Textbook: MasteringBiology� with Pearson eText Student Access Kit for Biological Science (4th Edition)
Created: 2010-10-17
Size: 26 flashcards
Views: 35

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj