central dogma flashcards

Zoology 470 with Hardin at University of Wisconsin - Madison

About this deck

By: kelly engbring
Textbook:

Bioethics and the New Embryology: Springboards for Debate

Developmental Biology, Eighth Edition
Created: 2012-03-27
Size: 12 flashcards
Views: 2

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central dogma basics

DNA --> transcription --> RNA --> translation --> protein

chromatin structure affecting transcription

-chromatin = complex of DNA + protein

-chromatin protein component composed of histones

-basic unit of chromatin - nucleosome - octamer of histone proteins wrapped with DNA

-causes transcription modifications

histone acetylation

-negatively charged acetyl groups added to histones

-destabilize nucleosomes to come apart easily

-facilitates transcription

histone methylation

-addition of methyl groups to histones

-can activate or repress transcription

DNA methylation

-control level of gene transcription

promoter region

-RNA polymerase binds to DNA to initiate transcription

-contain TATA box, flanked by CpG islands (DNA regions rich with C and G nucleotides)

-located upstream from initiation site

introns

-non-protein-coding regions of DNA within a gene

-spliced out

-nothing to do with amino acid sequence

exons

-regions of DNA that code for a protein

-retained regions

-base pairs code for amino acids

5'UTR

-untranslated

-called leader sequence

-can determine translation rate - regulatory sequences

-sequence of base pairs intervening b/n initiation points of transcription and translation

3'UTR

-region following translation termination codon

-transcribed - not translated

-rate of translation - regulatory regions

5'cap

-transcription initiation site

-added to nuclear RNA before it leaves nucleus

-needed for binding of mRNA to ribosome

-needed for subsequent translation

polyA tail

-adenine (A) residues added to 3'terminus of mRNA transcript in nucleus

-stability and protection of mRNA so it can be translated