Ch. 1
Human Biology 100 with Kearns at University of Alabama - Birmingham
About this deck
By: kelsey Visc
Created: 2011-01-05
Size: 72 flashcards
Views: 8
Created: 2011-01-05
Size: 72 flashcards
Views: 8
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anatomy
the study of the structure of the human body
morphology
the science of form
physiology
the study of body function
gross anatomy
the study of body structures that can be examined by the naked eye-the bones, lungs, and muscles
regional anatomy
all structures in a single body region. used in medical schools
systematic anatomy
all the organs with related functions are studied together. this approach is best for relating structure to function
surface anatomy
the study of shapes and markings on the surface of the body that reveal the underlying organs
microscopic anatomy (histology)
the study of structures that are so small they can be seen only with a microscope
developmental anatomy
traces the structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span and the effects of aging
embryology
the study of how body structures form and develop before birth
pathological anatomy
deals with the structural changes in cells, tissues, and organs caused by disease
pathology
the study of disease
radiographic anatomy
the study of internal body structures by means of X-ray studies and other imaging techniques
functional morphology
explores the functional properties of body structures and assesses the efficiency of their design
organismal level
highest level of organization
the human organism is a whole living person. this is the result of all of the simpler levels working in unison to sustain life
the human organism is a whole living person. this is the result of all of the simpler levels working in unison to sustain life
anatomical position
a person stands erect with feet together and eyes forward. the palms face anteriorly with the thumbs pointed away from the body
regional terms
the names of specific body areas
axial region
consists of the head, neck, and trunk. the trunk, in turn, is divided into the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis; the trunk also includes the region around the anus and external genitals- perineum
appendicular region
consists of the limbs (appendages & extremities)
frontal (coronal) plane
lies vertically and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
transverse (horizontal) plane
runs horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts
cross section
transverse section
sagittal planes
vertical but divide the body into right and left parts
median plane (midsagittal plane)
midline
oblique sections
cuts made along any plane that lies diagonally between the horizontal and the vertical
superior (cranial)
toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above
ex- the head is superior to the abdomen
ex- the head is superior to the abdomen
inferior (caudal)
away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below
ex-the navel is inferior to the chin
ex-the navel is inferior to the chin
anterior (ventral)
toward or at the front of the body; in front of
ex-the breastbone is anterior to the spine
ex-the breastbone is anterior to the spine
posterior (dorsal)
toward or at the back of the body; behind
ex-the heart is posterior to the breastbone
ex-the heart is posterior to the breastbone
medial
toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side
ex-the heart is medial to the arm
ex-the heart is medial to the arm
lateral
away from the midline of the body; on the inner side of
ex-the arms are lateral to the chest
ex-the arms are lateral to the chest
proximal
closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
ex-the elbow is proximal to the wrist
ex-the elbow is proximal to the wrist
distal
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
ex-the knee is distal to the thigh
ex-the knee is distal to the thigh
superficial (external)
toward or at the body surface
ex-the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles
ex-the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles
deep (internal)
away from the body surface; more internal
ex-the lungs are deep to the skin
ex-the lungs are deep to the skin
ipsilateral
on the same side
ex-the right hand and right foot are ipsilateral
ex-the right hand and right foot are ipsilateral
contralateral
on opposite sides
ex-the right hand and left foot are contralateral
ex-the right hand and left foot are contralateral
Vertebrates
1- tube-within-a-tube body plan
2-bilateral symmetry
3-dorsal hollow nerve cord
4-notocord and vertebrae
5-segmentation
6-pharyngeal pouches
2-bilateral symmetry
3-dorsal hollow nerve cord
4-notocord and vertebrae
5-segmentation
6-pharyngeal pouches
dorsal body cavity
subdivided into a cranial cavity, which lies in the skull and encases the brain, and a vertebral cavity, which runs through the vertebral column to enclose the spinal cord. the hard bony walls of this cavity protect the contained organs
ventral body cavity
the more anterior and larger of the closed body cavities
contains lungs, heart, intestines, and kidneys
contains lungs, heart, intestines, and kidneys
visceral organs (viscera)
lungs, heart, intestines, and kidneys that are in the ventral body cavity
thoracic cavity
surrounded by the ribs and the muscles of the chest wall
abdominopelvic cavity
surrounded by the abdomen walls and pelvic girdle.
divided into 2 parts: pelvic and abdominal cavity
divided into 2 parts: pelvic and abdominal cavity
pleural cavity
space between the parietal and visceral layers pleura. contains a small amount of serous fluid
mediastinum
region of the thoracic cavity between the lungs; contains the heart, thoracic aorta, esophogues, and other structures
pericardial cavity
space between the parietal and visceral layers of pericardium. contains a small amount of serous fluid
abdominal cavity
contains the liver, stomach, kidneys, and other organs
pelvic cavity
contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum
peritoneal cavity
space between the parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum. contains a small amount of serous fluid
serous membrane
moist, slippery membrane that lines internal body cavities and covers visceral organs within these cavities; also called serosa
serosa
another name for serous membrane
pleura
serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity in the thorax and covers the external surface of the lung
pericardium
double-layered sac that encloses the heart and forms its superficial layer
peritoneum
serous membrane that lines the interior of the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the surfaces of the organs in this cavity
parietal serosa
the part of a serosa that forms the outer wall of the cavity
visceral serosa
covers the visceral organs
serous fluid
a clear, watery lubricant secreted by cells of a serous membrane
microscopy
the examination of small structures with a microscope
light microscope (LM)
illuminates body tissue with a beam of light
transmission electron microscope (TEM) or (EM)
a beam of electrons to look at body tissue
acidic stains
dyes with negatively charged molecules
basic stains
positively charged dyes
scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
provides 3-D pictures of while, unsectioned surfaces with striking clarity
artifacts
minor distortions
contrast medium
a liquid that contains atoms of a heavy element such as barium that absorb more passing x-rays
computed tomography (CT)
refined x-ray technology. shaped like a square metal nut
angiography
a technique that produces images of blood vessels. a contrast medium is injected into a vessel and distributed via the vascular system.
digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
an extension of angiography; provides an unobstructed view of the small arteries
positron emission tomography (PET)
an advanced procedure that produces images by detecting radioactive isotopes injected into the body
sonography (ultrasound imaging)
pulses of high-frequency sound waves that reflect off the body's tissues
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
technique with tremendous appeal because it produces high-contrast images of soft tissues, an area in which x-ray imaging is weak
functional MRI (fMRI)
measures blood oxygen, so it reveals the amount of oxygenated blood flowing to specific body regions
About this deck
By: kelsey Visc
Created: 2011-01-05
Size: 72 flashcards
Views: 8
Created: 2011-01-05
Size: 72 flashcards
Views: 8
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
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Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
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