Ch 15. & 16

Chemistry 102 with Stone at Texas A&M University

About this deck

By: Lilian Olvera
Textbook:

Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity (with General ChemistryNOW CD-ROM)

General Chemistry: The Essential Concepts
Created: 2008-05-04
Size: 18 flashcards
Views: 33

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Chemical Kinetics

the study of rates of chemical reactions

Reaction mechanism

the detailed pathway taken by atoms and molecules as a reaction proceeds

The rate of a chemical reaction

refers to the change in concentration of a substance per unit of time

(change in concentration/change in time)

Units of Reaction Rates

the units used to describe reaction rate are mol/L* time

Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate

Cooking involves chemical reactions, and a higher temperature results in foods cooking faster. In laboratory, reaction mixtures are often heated to make reactions occur faster.

Catalysts

are substances that accelerate chemical reactions but are not themselves transformed.

Rate constant

the proportionality constant in the rate equation, k

Rate equation, rate law

relationship between reaction concentration and reaction rate is expressed. it tells us that this reaction rate is proportional to the concentration of the reaction

Order of a Reaction

with respect to a partivular reactant is the exponet of its concentration term in the rate expression and the total reactioin order is the sum exponents on all concentration terms

Overall Reaction Order

null

4 factors that affect the rate of reaction

nature of reactant
concentration
temp.
presence of a catalyst

Differential rate laws
Rate=k[A]m[B]n[C]p

Zero order Rate= k[A]0=k

First order Rate= k[A]1=k[A]

Secound order Rate= k[A]2

Zero order Rate

change in rate is independent of the change in concentration of a zero order reaction

First order Rate

change is rate is directly proportional to the change in concentration of a 1st order reactant

Second order Rate

change in rate is directly proportional to the square of the change in concentration of a 2nd order reactant

Integrated rate laws

Zero order= [A]o- [A]= akt

First order= In[A]o/[A]= akt

Secound order= 1/[A]-1/[A]o=akt

Equilibrium

the equilibrium is a macroscopic event, regardless of the direction of approach the forward rate and the reverse rate are the same and changes in concentration cannot be observed.

Heterogeneous Solution

for mixtures the pure solids, pure liquids, and components that repersent the large amounts of solvents can be removed form the equilibrim expression and rolled into the equilibrium constant