Ch. 23 Exam 5 Study Guide

Kinesiology 360 with Lauren Hammel at Kansas State University

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By: Jacquelyne Leffler
Textbook: Seeley's Principles of Anatomy & Physiology
Created: 2010-12-12
Size: 26 flashcards
Views: 47

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Components of the urinary system?

Kidneys - produce urine

Ureters- Transport urine to urinary bladder

Urinary Bladder- Temporary storage of urine

Urethra- Transports urine from the urinary bladder to exterior of body

Functions of the kidneys

Excretion (elimination of waste)

Regulation of blood volume and pressure

Regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood

Regulation of extracellular fluid pH

Regulation of red blood cell synthesis

Vitamin D production

What is the location of the kidney?

Retroperitoneal

External Anatomy of a Kidney

Renal capsule - connective tissue surrounds kidney

Hilum- blood vessels and nerves enter and exit kidney

Internal Anatomy of a Kidney

Cortex- outer layer

Medulla- inner layer

Renal Sinus- contains blood vessels, urine collecting chambers that enter into ureter and fat

Renal Columns- extensions of renal cortex into medulla between renal pyramids

Renal Pyramids- cone shaped located between renal columns

Renal Papillae- point toward renal sinus

Minor Calyces- funnel-shaped chambers into which the renal papillae extend (8-20)

Major Calyces- larger funnels, (2-3)

Ureter- exits kidney to urinary bladder

Flow of urine through kidney from renal papillae to ureter

Kidney-->Renal papillae-->Minor Calyces-->Major Calyces-->Renal Pelvis-->Ureter

Functional unit of the kidney is the _____________.

Nephron (1.3 million)

What does the nephron consist of?

Renal corpuscle- consists of bowman's capsule and glomerulus

Proximal convoluted tubule-

loop of Henle-

distal convoluted tubule- empties into collecting duct

Cortical Nephrons

85% of total nephrons

Located in cortex

Juxtameduallary Nephrons

Located at the cortex-medulla junction

Production of concentrated urine

Blood Flow Through The Kidney

1. Through larger arteries and veins of kidney

2. Through the arteries, capillaries, veins that provide circ. to the nephron

Renal Artery

Branches off aorta and enters renal sinus

Gives rise to afferent arterioles

Afferent Arterioles

Supply the glomerular capillaries inside bowman's capsule

Efferent Arterioles

Arise from glomerular capillaries and carry blood away from the glomeruli.

It gives rise to a plexus of capillaries called pertibular capillaries

Pertibular Capillaries

The vasa recta (specialized portions of the pertibular capillaries) extends deep into the medulla and surround the loops of Henle and collecting ducts.

The peritubular capillaries join small veins in the cortex that converge to form the renal vein, which exists the kidney

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

Formed where distal convoluted tubule comes into contact with afferent arteriole next to Bowman's Capsule

Consists of granular cells of afferent arteriole and macula densa

Urine Production

1. Filtration- movement of materials across the filtration membrane into Bowman's capsule to form filtrate

2. Tubular Reabsorption- soultes are reabsorbed across the wall of the nephron into the interstitial fluid by transport processes. Water is absorbed by osmosis. Water and solutes pass from interstitial fluid into peritubular capillaries

3. Tubular Secretion- Solutes are secreted across wall of nephron into filtrate

Hormonal Regulation of urine concentration and volume

ADH regulates blood osmolality by altering water reabsorption

Atrial Natriuretic- produced by the heart when blood pressure increases

Urinary Bladder

Function: store urine (1000 mL)

Transitional Epithelium

Urethra

Tube that exits the urinary bladder inferiorly and anteriorly

Carries urine to outside of body

Stratified and Squamous epithelium

What causes urine to flow through the nephron and ureters?

pressure gradient

Micturition reflex

emptying of urinary bladder activated by stretch of bladder wall

Effects of aging on kidney

Gradual decrease in size of kidney

Renin secretion and vitamin D synthesis decrease

Nephron secretion and absorption decline

Buffers

Respond almost instantaneously to changes in pH

Renal Regulation

May take hour to days to respond to changes in pH

Respiratory System

Takes minutes to respond to changes in pH

Hypo- decreased frequency of breathing, increased blood co2

Hyper- increased frequency of breathing, decreased blood co2

About this deck

By: Jacquelyne Leffler
Textbook: Seeley's Principles of Anatomy & Physiology
Created: 2010-12-12
Size: 26 flashcards
Views: 47

About StudyBlue

“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy