ch. 26
Anatomy 232 with Vierya at University of South Carolina - All Campuses
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taking the food in
ingestion
moving food
propulsion
1 way movement of food
peristalisis
moving both ways of food
segmentation
production and release of a chemical
secretion
going from polymer to monomer
digestion
putting monomers in blood stream
absorption
getting rid of stuff that cant be digested
elimination
chewing
mastication
chewing associated digestion
mechanical digestion
helps to kill bacteria
lysozymes
chemical that digest carbs
salivary amylose
parotid salivary
sublingual salivary
submandibular
salivary glands
outer layer of tooth
crown
center of tooth full of vessels and nerves
pulp cavity
lots of skeletal muscles for swallowing
oropharynx to the esophagus
covers all intestines and stores a lot of fat
greater omentum
holds small intestines together
mesentary proper
- inner most layer
- covered in mucus
- simple columar epithelium
mucosa
- lots of vessels and nerves
- mucus glands
submucosa
- smooth muscle tissue
- moves stuff
- sphincters
muscularis
- outer most layer
serosa
stratified squamous epithelium
esophagus
what food becomes when it leaves the stomach
chyme
make intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid
parietal cells
absorbs vitamin b12
intrinsic factor
kills bacteria, denatures proteins, activates pepsinogen
hydrochloric acid
make pepsinogen
chief cells
breaks down proteins when activated
pepsinogen
senses protein in cell
produces hormones called gastrin
enteroendocrine cells
stimulates chief, parietal cells, and smooth muscles of stomach
gastrin
mechanical (breaks pieces into smaller pieces) and chemical digestion (break protein to amino acid)
stomach
chemically digests carbs, sugars, proteins, and 1st time digesting fats
small intestine
1st time for absorption (nutrients, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins)
small intestine
- majority of digesting occurs
- 10-12 inches long
duodenum
- nutrient absorption starts
- 8 ft. long
jejunum
- lower region
- 11 ft long
ilium
where small intestine ends
ileocecal valve
folds in small intestine so it can create more surface area
villi
folding of mucosal (lacteal, submucosal gland, and goblet cells)
microvilli
picks up fats
lacteals
breaks down sucrose
sucrase
makes hormones in digestive trace
senses when food enters small intestines
entero endocrine cells
- helps recycle red blood cells
- detoxifies stuff
- stores nutrients and vitamins
- responsible for making blood protein (fibrinogen)
liver
emulsifies (makes bigger to smaller) fats
bile
functional unit of liver
hepatic lobule
deliver blood and detoxify in liver
hepatic arteries
send stuff out of liver
hepatic veins
cells that make stuff (bile)
hepatocytes
collects bile
bile ducts
bile gets stored and concentrated here
gallbladder
digestion
sugar metabolism
pancreas
pancreatic amylase
carbs
lipase
fats
trypsin
proteins
cells that make pancreatic juice
null
absorption of water and electrolytes (salts)
large intestine
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