Ch. 29 pt 1

Kinesiology 360 with Laurenmcdaniel at Kansas State University

About this deck

By: Marshall McCall
Textbook: Seeley's Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
Created: 2011-12-15
Size: 72 flashcards
Views: 28

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Three stages of Prenatal Development

Germinal Period-first 2 weeks

embryonic period-germlayers-2nd to 8th week

Fetal period-organ systems-last 30 weeks.

Embryo

developing human from fertilization to end of 8th week

fetus

developing human from 8 weeks to birth

Clinical age

mother's last menstrual period is used to calculate age of unborn child

postovulatory age

14 days less than clinical age.

Neonate

birth to 1 month

Infant

1 month to 1-2 years

child can walk

Child

1-2 years to puberty

emotional characteristics form at this age.

Adolescent puberty

puberty to 20 years

Puberty M/F

Male 12-14 growth 19-20 in

Femal 11-13 growth 17-18 in

Adult

20 til death

Young, Middle, Older

Young 20-40

Middle 40-65

Older 65-

Fertilization

secondary oocytes and sperm cell create zygoete

Layers surrounding secondary Oocyte

corona radiata, zona pellucida, and oocyte plasma membrane

Acrosome

Cap on the head of the sperm cell that contains enzymes that break down the zona pellucida.

Acrosomal Reaction

Sperm binds to zona pellucida

enzymes are released near the oocyte

hundred of acrosomes release enzymes to digest zona pellucida

Diploid nucleus

male and female pronuclei

Zygote results

Completes ferti.

As number of cells increase...

size of cell decrease

Totipotent

Cell can give rise to any tissue necessary

Pluripotent

wide range of tissues, but not all.

Morula

12 or more cells

4-5 days~32 cells

blastocyst

fluid filled hollow sphere composed of single layer trophoblasts

Blastocele

fluid filled cavity in center of cellular mass

Trophoblasts

Cells that form the placenta

Implantation

burrowing of the blastocyst into unterine wall

6 to 7 days

Cytotrophoblast

Cells of inner layer that retain their cel boundaries

Syncytiotrophoblast

cells in outer layer that invade the endoetrium breaking down glands and blood vessels

Chorion

Embryonic component of placenta

Chorionic villi

branches of the chorion that protude into the endometrium

hCG

human chorionic gonadotropin. Stimulates progesterone and estrogen

Endometrium

maternal component of the placenta

Chorion charac.

place of gas exchange, nutrients and waste products

helps form placenta (embryonic component)

Encloses embryonic body and all other membranes

Amniotic cavity

forms after implantation inside the inner cell mass

Amniotic sac (amnion)

extraembryonic membrane

Layer of cells forming boundary of amniotic cavity

Amniotic fluid

Fills sac

Eventually surrounds embryo

Protection and environment

Embryonic Disk

Inner cell mass seperated as flat disk of tissue with two layers

Epiblast

Becomes embryo

Hyoblast

gives rise to extraembryonic tissue

Gastrulation

13~14 after fert. embryonic disk becomes a slightly elongated, oval structure

endoderm

cells migrate through the primitive streak to displace hyoblast cells forming....

Mesoderm

others collect between the endoderm and epiblast forming...

Ectoderm

cells remain in epiblast become...

Amnion

Epiblast cells form a transparent membrane filled with amniotic fluid

Amniotic fluid

Provides a buoyant environment

Helps maintain a constant homeostatic temp

Comes from maternal blood and later fetal urine. :(

Yolk Sac

Hyoblast cells form a sac on the ventral surface of embryo

forms part of digestive tube

produces earliest blood cells and vessels.

Source of primordial germ cells

Allantois

Small outpocket at the caudal end of the yolk sac

Structural base for the umbilical cord

Becomes part of the urinary bladder

Neural Plate

Forms from ectoderm 18 days past fertilization

lateral edges/neural folds begin to rise and meet in midline...neural tubules

Neural crest

When sides of neural tube come together

Give rise to pns, adrenal, medualla, melanocytes

Fore and hind gut

develop as teh cephalic and caudal ends of yolk sac are sparated from main yolk sac.

Oropharyngeal

opens to form the mouth

Cloacal

opens to form urethra and anus

Allantois

develops into urinary bladder

Branchial arches

Solid bars of tissue form along lateral surface of head

Central pouch is pharynx

Coelom

Forms the Mamillary body cavity

later develops into the pericardial, pleural and peritoneal cavities

Limbs develop from....

Proximal to Distal as outgrowths called limb buds.

Face Development

Develops from the fusion of five embryonic structures

Frontonasal process

forehead, nose, mid portion of upper jaw

Maxillary processes (2)

lateral parts of upper jaw

Mandibular proccesses(2)

form lower jaw and lip

Nasal placodes

Develop at lateral margin of frontonasal process and develop into nose and center of upper jaw and lip

Organogenesis

Major organ systems begin to develop during the period between 14 and 60 days past fert.

Integumentary System

Ectoderm (epidermis)

Mesoderm and neural crest (dermis)

Skeletal system

mesoderm or neural crest cells

Muscular system

myoblasts (skeletal muscle fibers)

Mesoderm

Nervous system

Neural tube CNS. Neural crest cells PNS.

Special Senses

neural tube or neural crest cell derivatives

Endocrine System

Evaginations of brain or GI tract

Brain Development

Once neural tube closes, the portion that becomes the brain begins to expand and develop a series of pouches.

Three brain regions in the early embryo

Prosencephalon (Forebrane)

Mesencephalon (Midebrayne)

Rhombencephalon (Hindbrein)

Forebrain

divides into telencephalon and diencephalon

Midbrain

remains single structure

Hindbrain

metencephalon and myelencephalon

About this deck

By: Marshall McCall
Textbook: Seeley's Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
Created: 2011-12-15
Size: 72 flashcards
Views: 28

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis