Ch 6
Psychology 1300 with Hornstein at Southern Methodist University
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sensation
the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment
Overview of sensory information processing
Begins with some kind of stimuli from the environment (sight, hearing, etc.), then through the process of transduction, the raw energy is converted into electrical activity in our brain.
Iconic/Echonic= very brief visual/auditory memory system
Gestalt
An organized whole
One sees a desk as a desk (the sum of its parts), rather than boards of wood and nails.
Figure-Ground Relationship
We organize the perceptual field into stimuli that stand out (figure) and those that are in the background (ground)
We group stimuli together based on 5 things:
Proximity
Similarity
Continuity
Connectedness
Closure
Depth Perception
is the ability to see objects in 3 dimensions although images that strike the retina are 2 dimensional.
This allows us to judge distance
Is Depth Perception Innate?
Yes, even babies can sense it (as seen through the virtual cliff expiriment
Perceptual Experience
The real world experience needed for proper development of Depth Perception
Binocular Cues
Depth cues that depend on the use of both eyes.
Examples: Retinal Disparity and Convergence
Retinal Disparity
Binocular depth cue
By comparing images from the retinas in both eyes, the brain computes distance, the greater the disparity, the closer the object
Convergence
Binocular Depth Cue
The movement of your eye muscles can tell you an object's difference
Monocular Depth Cues
Depth cues available to either eye alone.
Examples: Texture gradient, linear perspective
Texture Gradient
Monocular Depth Cue
As the distance increases, the texture of an object will become finer and finer.
THE CLOSER AN OBJECT IS, THE MORE DETAILED ITS TEXTURE
Linear Perspective
Apparent convergence of parallel lines creating impression of increasing distance
Monocular
Phi Phenomenon
An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession. (i.e. the moving arrow sign)
Perceptual Constancy
Perceiving objects as unchanging (consistent shape, size, lightness, color) even as illumination and retinal images change.
Size constancy
The perception that objects have a constant size, even if our distance from them varies. (a door is the same whether its closed or open)
shape constancy
recognition that an object's shape remains the same even though its orientation to us changes
If you were born blind, but then regained your sight, would you be able to recognize by sight the things you knew by touch?
Often times, they cannot visually recognized objects that were familiar by touch
perceptual adaptation
in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field
Perceptual Set
A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.
Once we have formed a wrong idea about reality, we have more difficulty seeing the truth.
About this deck
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