ch 6
Psychology 600 with Lindquist at Ohio State University - All Campuses
About this deck
By: Jeannine Clark
Textbook:
Learning and Memory: From Brain to Behavior
Created: 2011-02-01
Size: 29 flashcards
Views: 14
Textbook:
Learning and Memory: From Brain to BehaviorCreated: 2011-02-01
Size: 29 flashcards
Views: 14
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acoustic startle reflex
a defensive response (such as jumping or freezing) to a startling stimulus (such as a loud noise)
aplysia
a marine invertebrate (sea slug) much studied by neuroscientists because of its simple and unvarying nervous system
associative learning
learning to associate one stimulus with another or to associate a stimulus with a new response
cochlear implant
a sensory prosthesis that directly stimulates auditory nerves to produce hearing sensation in deaf individuals
comparator model
the theory that each time the brain detects a stimulus, it forms a representation of that stimulus to compare against existing representations of previously experienced stimuli; if there is no match, an orienting response is triggered
cortical plasticity
changes in cortical organization that occur as a result of experience
differentiation theory
the theory that the brain develops representations of stimuli over time by incorporating additional details each time the stimulus is presented
dishabituation
a renewal of a response, previously habituated, that occurs when the organism is presented with a novel stimulus
dual process theory
the theory that habituation and sensitization are independent of each other but operate in parallel
habituation
a decrease in the strength or occurrence of a behavior after repeated exposure to the stimulus that produces that behavior
Hebbian learning
the principle that learning involves strengthening the connections of coactive units; often state as "neurons that fire together, wire together"
heterosynaptic
occurring in several nearby synapses simultaneously
homosynaptic
occurring in one synapse without affecting nearby synapses
landmark agnosia
a form of agnosia in which patients lose the ability to identify and use landmarks for spatial navigation
latent learning
learning that is undetected (latent) until explicitly demonstrated at a later stage
learned non-use
a condition in which an individual gradually stops using a limb that has been affected by stroke or other brain injury and instead relies on the other, unaffected limb
learning specificity
the degree to which learning about one set of stimuli transfers to another group of stimuli
mere exposure learning
learning through mere exposure to stimuli, without any explicit prompting and without any outward responding
multimodal
related to or responding to more than one sensory modality
non-associative learning
learning that involves only one, relatively isolated stimulus at a time
orienting response
an organism's innate reaction to a novel stimulus
parahippocampal region
cortical areas of the brain that lie near the hippocampus inside the medial temporal lobe
perceptual learning
learning in which experience with a set of stimuli makes it easier to distinguish those stimuli
place cell
a neuron that fires maximally when the organism enters a particular location within an environment
place field
the spatial location that evokes maximal activity in a place cell
priming
a phenomenon in which prior exposure to a stimulus can improve the ability to recognize that stimulus later
receptive field
the range (or "field") of physical stimuli that activate a single neuron
sensitization
a phenomenon in which a salient stimulus (such as an electric shock) temporarily increases the strength of responses to other stimuli
sensory prosthesis
a mechanical device designed to supplement or substitute for faulty sensory modality such as vision or hearing; the device's sensory detectors interface with brain areas that normally process those sensory outputs
About this deck
By: Jeannine Clark
Textbook: Learning and Memory: From Brain to Behavior
Created: 2011-02-01
Size: 29 flashcards
Views: 14
Textbook:
Learning and Memory: From Brain to BehaviorCreated: 2011-02-01
Size: 29 flashcards
Views: 14
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
Dennis