Ch. 8 Evolution

Geology 102 with Coulson at Clemson University

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By: Andrea Creighton
Created: 2012-02-27
Size: 25 flashcards
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allele

a variant form of a single gene

allopatric speciation

model for the origin of a new species from a small population that become isolated from its parent population

analogous structure

body part, such as the wings of insects and birds, that serves the same function but differs in structure and development

artificial selection

the practice of selectively breeding plants and animals with desirable traits

chromosome

complex, double stranded, helical molecule of DNA specific segments of chromosomes are genes

cladistics

type of analysis of organisms in which they are grouped together on the basis of derived as opposed to primitive characteristics

cladogram

diagram showing the relationships among members of a clade, including their most recent common ancestor

convergent evolution

origin of similar features in distantly related organisms as they adapt in comparable ways,

divergent evolution

diversification of a species into two or more descendant species

homologous structure

body part in different organisms with similar structure, similar relationships to other organs, and similar development but does not necessarily serve the same function

inheritance of aquired characteristics

Jean Baptiste de Lamarck's mechanism for evolution, holds that characteristics acquired during an individual's lifetime can be inherited by descendants

living fossil

an existing organism that has descended from ancient ancestors with little apparent change

macroevolution

evolutionary changes that account for the origin of new species, genera, orders, and so on

mass extinction

greatly accelerated extinction rates resulting in marked decrease in biodiversity

microevolution

evolutionary changes within a species

modern synthesis

combination of ideas of various scientists yielding a view of evolution that includes the chormosome theory of inheritance, mutation as a source of variation, and gradualism

mosaic evolution

concept holding that not all parts of an organism evolve at the same rate, thus yielding organisms with features retained from the ancestral condition as well as more recently evolved features

mutation

any change in the genes of organisms; yields some of the variation on which natural selection acts

natural selection

mechanism accounting for differential survival and reproduction among members of a species

parallel evolution

evolution of similar features in two separate but closely related lines of descent as a result of comparable adaptations

phyletic gradualism

concept that a species evolves gradually and continuously as it gives rise to new species

punctuated equilibrium

concept holding that new species evolve rapidly, in perhaps a few thousands of years, then remains much the same during its several million years of existence

theory of evolution

holds that all livings things a re related and that they descended with modification from organisms that lived during the past

vestigial structure

any structure that no longer serves any or only a limited function, or a different funciton

About this deck

By: Andrea Creighton
Created: 2012-02-27
Size: 25 flashcards
Views: 1

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
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