Ch.2 Language Development

Speech 1000 with Horton at Georgia State University

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By: Karis Wright
Created: 2010-09-22
Size: 38 flashcards
Views: 44

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Displacement:

ASL signs to refer to places and events outside of the immediate context.

Ex: Chimpanzees use a variety of vocal cries to communicate,
bee dancing to indicate to other bees where to find nectar

Semanticity (symbolism):

a word or symbol that stands for something else
Ex: Chimpanzees use ASL to communicate,
nonprimate mammals and birds use calls to communicate

Productivity

recombination of words to create new sentences

Structure of Language: Phonology

when combining sounds to make words

Structure of Language: Morphology

adding to a word to change its meaning
Ex: happi-NESS, sing-ING, play-ED

Structure of Language: Syntax

how to combine words into acceptable phrases and sentences/transforming sentences into other sentences.
Ex: "The cat bit the dog"/"The cat didn't bite the dog"/"Did the cat bite the dog?"

Structure of Language: Semantics

relationship between words and their meanings
Ex: "doggie" to a two-year old may mean: dog, cat, cow, or horse also

Communication

occurs when one person (or more) sends and receives messages that are distorted by noise, occur within a context, have some effect, and provide some opportunity for feedback.

Physical Context

the tangible or concrete environment in which communication takes place. (ex: a room, hallway, or park)

Social-Psychological Context

the status relationships among the participants and the cultural rules of society people follow. (ex: communication at a graduation party vs. at a funeral)

Temporal (time) Context

time of day/history/how msg fits into sequence of communication events (a morning person is talkative while a late sleeper isn't, msgs are responded to differently depending on date in history, someone compliments you right after you compliment them.)

Cultural Context

has to do with your culture (what you say and how you say it)

Inter-Cultural Situation

communication between members of different cultures

Intra-Cultural Situation

communication between members of the same culture

Source

speaker

Receiver

listener

Encoder/Encoding

speakers or writers/producing messages

Decoder/Decoding

listeners or readers/receiving messages

Communication Channel

the medium through which the message passes

Noise

anything that interferes with your receiving a message

Physical Noise

interference that is external to both speaker and listener. (ex: cars, sunglasses, illegible handwriting, poor grammar)

Physiological Noise

created by barriers within the sender or receiver. (ex: visual impairments, hearing loss, memory loss)

Psychological Noise

mental interference in speaker or listener (ex: preconceived ideas, prejudices, closed-mindedness)

Semantic Noise

created when the speaker and listener have different meaning systems (ex: language differences, jargon, or abstract terms that can be misinterpreted)

Transaction Communication

all communication is transactional. all elements of communication are in a state of constant change making it ongoing.

Transaction Communication: LINEAR VIEW

the speaker speaks, the listener listens

Transaction Communication: INTERACTIONAL VIEW

speaker and listener take turns speaking and listening

Transaction Communication: TRANSACTIONAL VIEW

each person serves simultaneously as speaker and listener

Communication is a Package of Signals

your whole body works together verbally and nonverbally to express thoughts and feelings (ex: mixed messages= employer contradicting authority message to employee)

Communication is a Process of Adjustment

everyone does not use the same system of signals. so the speaker/listener has to adjust to understand the message

Communication Accommodation Theory

the theory that you adjust to or accommodate to the speaking style of your listeners in order to gain a variety of benefits.

Communication Involves Content and Relationship Dimensions

Content message: refers to the behavioral response expected
Relationship message: tells how the communication is to be dealt with

(ex: boss telling employee to see them after meeting)

Ignoring Relationship Dimensions

when the distinction between the content and relationship levels of communication is ignored. (ex: the Diner movie)

Recognizing Relationship Dimensions

when the distinction between the content and relationship levels of communication is acknowledged

Communication is Ambiguous

messages with more than on potential meaning (ex: "visiting relatives can be boring" = "to visit relatives can be boring/ Relatives who visit can be boring")

Communication is Punctuated

when communication is divided into cause and effects (ex: "you're in LOVE??", "and thats ALL you did??")

Communication Involves Symmetrical and Complementary Transactions

Symmetrical Relationship: the two individuals mirror each other's behavior (ex: if one members nags, so does other)
Complementary Relationship: the two individuals engage in different behaviors (ex: one partner acts as the superior, the other inferior)

Communication is 3 things

Inevitable
Irreversible
Unrepeatable

About this deck

By: Karis Wright
Created: 2010-09-22
Size: 38 flashcards
Views: 44

About StudyBlue

“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
Naj