ch9-exam3

Psychology 340 with Woolfolk at Rutgers University - New Brunswick/Piscataway

About this deck

By: Kia Jackson
Textbook:

Abnormal Psychology and Life: A Dimensional Approach
Created: 2010-03-28
Size: 57 flashcards
Views: 132

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What do most people do to improve their mood?

talk to friends and family

What are other ways a person could improve their mood:

listen to music, pray/meditate, help others in need, take a shower, play with pet, exercise/work out, go out with friends, eat, take a drive, have sex

How much of population receive treatment for unipolar depression:

approximately one-third of people

How well do colleges treat depression?

the ratio of counselor to student is 1 to 800-200 depending on school size

parents are urged to ask colleges how well they provide counseling
some schools offer up to 10 sessions or unlimited, screening before being accepted

Which therapy has great research and practice?

cognitive and cognitive behavioral therapy

Describe psycho-dynamic therapy for unipolar depression:

therapy help clients bring underlying issues to their consciousness and work them through
encourage clients to associate freely
suggest interpretations of their dreams, associations, and displays of resistance and transference
help the person review past events

Describe behavioral therapy:

reintroduce clients to pleasurable events and activities such as going shopping, taking photos(behavioral activation)
reinforce depressive and non-depressive behaviors(contingency management)
help them improve their social skills

The act of adding positive activities to a person's life to improve their mood is

behavioral activation

A therapist may use this approach to reinforce clients behavior by ignoring their depressive behavior while praising or rewarding constructive statements and behavior, such as going to work:

contingency management

Describe the 4 phases of cognitive therapy for unipolar depression that require less than 20 sessions:

increasing activities and elevating mood(create schedule)

challenging automatic thoughts
identify negative thinking and bias
changing primary attitudes

How might psychodynamic therapy not work?

clients may be too passive or weary to fully participate in discussions
clients may become discouraged and end treatment too early when treatment is unable to provide quick relief

How might behavioral therapy for unipolar depression not work?

only limited when only one is applied

unrelentingly negative thoughts that flood the mind and produce symptoms of depression

automatic thoughts

Whats the most effective treatment for bipolar 1 and 2 patients?

anti bipolar (mood stabilizing) drugs

All treatment, except cyclothymic disorder, for mood disorders has what percentage of improvement?

sixty

What practice guides depressed clients to recognize and accept their negative cognition simply as streams of thinking that flow through their minds, rather than as valuable guides for behavior and decision.

ACT- acceptance and commitment therapy

How might a therapist prepare for culture sensitive therapy?

special cultural training
heightened awareness by therapist of their clients cultural values, stressors, prejudices, and stereotypes
recognization of their own culture

Describe interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed clients:

based on belief that clarifying and changing one's interpersonal problems within 16 sessions:

interpersonal loss(remember loss/new relationships)
interpersonal role dispute(expectations?)
interpersonal role transition(major life changes)
interpersonal deficits (lack social skills)

One of the most controversial forms of treatment for depression:

ECT electroconvulsive therapy

Describe ECT therapy:

2 electrodes are attached to head and 65-140 volts of electricity pass through brain for half seconds or less
now given drugs to sleep, muscle relaxants to prevent jerks, and oxygen to guard against brain damage

How did ECt therapy became about?

used to treat psychosis at first but realized seizure patients and psychosis had no relationship

Although effective for serverly depressed clients, why has ECt declined sine the 1950's:

memory loss
emergence of antidepressants drugs
the frightening nature of procedure

Name a few monoamine oxidase inhibitors(MAO's):

marplan(isocarboxazid), nardil(phenelzine, parnate, eldepril

Name a few tricyclics:

tofranil (imipramine), elavil, adapin, surmontil, norpramin, aventil, vivactil

Name a few second generation antidepressants:

prozac(fluoxetine), paxil, zoloft, effeor, wellbutrin, lexapro, cymbalta(duloxetine)

How are MAO inhibitors important?

The brain supplies of t he enzyme MAO break down norepinephrine. MAO inhibitors block MAO from destruction of the neurotransmitter. The result is a rise in norepinephrine and less depressive symptoms.

What are the bad effects of MAO inhibitors?

high blood pressure and if eaten with certain foods, it could be dangerous interaction

To prevent relaspe, patients take drugs for 5 months or more after being fee of depressive symptoms, is called

continuation therapy.

to prevent relapse, patents take drugs for 3 years or more after initial improvement, is called

maintenance therapy

How do tricyclic drugs decrease depression?

i blocks the reuptake process by enabling norepinephrine or serotonin to remain in the synapse longer and bind to the receiving neuron.

How was MAO discovered?

First used to treat TB but doctors noticed it made patients happier.

How was tricyclic drugs discovered?

First used to treat schizophrenia and notice that imipramine lessened depressive symptoms

Which enzyme, used in cheese, bananas, wine, is deadly if used with MAO's

tyramine

How might SSRI differ from MAO inhibitors and and tricyclics?

it specifically affect serotonin and no other NT

NAme the popular selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

atomoxetine (strattera)

Name the popular serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors:

venlafaxine(Effexor)

Who has first dibs on antidepessants drugs?

white Americans are prescribed more and newer drugs than others
elderly depressors are more likely than other depressors to receive medication

which nerve serves as a primary channel of communication between the brain and major organs by running from the brain stem through the neck down the chest and abdomen:

vagus nerve

Describe vagus nerve stimulation:

surgeon implants a pulse generator under the skin of the chest and wires it to the left vagus nerve
the pulse generator runs on battery and is programmed to stimulate the vague nerve every 5 mins for a period of 30 secs
stimulated nerve sends electrical signal to brain

Describe transcranial magnetic stimulation:

a treatment procedures for depression in which an electomagnetic coil, which is placed on or above a person's head, sends a current into the individual's brain(prefrontal cortex) to increase neuron activity in that area.

What is downside to TMS:

not yet approved by FDA as treatment for depression
must be given daily for 2-4 wks
cause discomfort to the patients scalp and can produce seizures

Describe deep brain stimulation:

drill 2 tiny holes into skull and implant electrodes in Area 25.
electrodes connected to pacemaker implanted in chest or stomache

Lithium is prescribed to which mood disorder:

bipolar

a metallic element that occurs in nature as mineral salt is called:

lithium

chemical changes within a neuron just after the neuron receives a NT message and just before it responds is

second messengers

How might mood stabilizers differ from antidepressant drugs?

one affects second messengers while the other affect a neuron's initial reception of NT's.

which therapy is not beneficial for bipolar patients?

psychotherapy alone

psychotherapy plays a more central role in the treatment of what disorder

cyclothymic disorder

adjuntive psychotherapy :

uses individual, group, or family therapy as an adjunct to mood stabilizing drugs

how might adjuntive psychotherapy become useful:

to emphasis the importance of continuing medications
improve social skills and relationships
educate patients and families about bipolar disorder
help solve problems created by disorder
and help prevent patients from suicide

Serotonin is linked to what disorder:

depression, OCD, and eating disorders

norepinephrine is linked to what disorders:

depression and panic disorder

Who developed learned helplessness theory of depression?

Martin Seligman

Patients who suffer from double depression have which of the following patterns of symptoms?

They suffer from dysthymic disorder, and this leads to a diagnosis of major depressive disorder.

Which ethnic population has a much higher risk of developing depression than the general United States population?

Native Americans

People with anorexia nervosa may benefit from supplements of which mineral?

zinc

the most effective treatment for bipolar disorder.

Lithium

About this deck

By: Kia Jackson
Textbook:

Abnormal Psychology

Abnormal Psychology and Life: A Dimensional Approach
Created: 2010-03-28
Size: 57 flashcards
Views: 132

About StudyBlue

“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis