Chap 1-4
Psychology 360 with Bickford at University of Massachusetts, Amherst
About this deck
By: Michaela Askew
Created: 2011-02-02
Size: 34 flashcards
Views: 5
Created: 2011-02-02
Size: 34 flashcards
Views: 5
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Social psychology
the scientific study of how individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by other people
Social contact
the idea that human societies have developed basic rules of social and moral conduct, which members of the societies implicitly agree to follow
Behaviorism
anapproach in psychology that assumes that behavior can be explained purely in terms of stimulus – response connections established through experience and reinforcement .
Gestalt theory
an approach that assumes that peoples’ overall, subjective interpretations of objects’ physical features, and that objects are perceived in their totality, as a unit, rather than in terms of their individual features.
Accessibility
the ease with which a schema comes to awareness
Associative network
a very large system of schemas that are linked together on he basis of shared meaning or shared experience; it is one way to conceptualize how information is organized in memory.
Autobiographical memory
stored information about the self, such as goals, personality traits, past experiences, and other qualities
Automatic process
a judgment or thought that we cannot control, which occurs without intention, very efficiently,and sometimes beneath our awareness
Availability heuristic
the tendency to base judgment on how easily relevant examples can be thought of
Blank lineup
a group of individuals that does not include the suspect; everyone in the line up is known to be innocent
Categorization
the process of recognizing and identifying something
Chronic accessibility
the degree to which schemas are easily activated for and individual across time and situations
Cognitive miser mode
a view of information processing that assumes people usually rely on heuristics to make judgments and will engage in careful, thoughtful processing only when necessary.
Controlled process
a judgment or thought that we command, that is intentional, that requires significant cognitive resources, and that occurs within our awareness
Counterfactual thoughts
reflections on how past events might have turned out differently.
Downward counterfactual thoughts
reflections on how pat events might have turned worse
Encoding
the process of getting information into memory, including attention, comprehension, and storage
Heuristic
an informal rule or shortcut is used to make everyday judgments
Hindsight bias
the tendency for people to overestimate the predictability of known outcomes.
Illusory correlation
the belief that to variables are related to one another when, in fact, they are not
Mood-congruent recall
the idea that positive feelings will activate positive memories and negative feelings will activate positive memories and negative feelings will activate negative memories.
Outgroup homogeneity effect
the tendency for people to overestimate the similarity within groups to which they do not belong.
Perseverance effect
the tendency for people to make self-evaluations that are consistent with information that has been discredited.
Priming
the process by which that activation of a schema increases the likelihood that the schema will be activated again in the future.
Reconstructive memory
the process of trying to rebuild the past based on cues and estimates
Representative heuristic
the tendency to judge the likelihood that a target belongs to a category based on how similar target is to the typical features of the category
Retrieval
the process of getting information out of memory
Schemas
mental representation of objects or categories which contain the central features of the object or category as well as assumptions about how the object or category works.
Self-serving judgments
perceptions or comparisons that enhance the perceived worth of the self.
Sequential lineup
the procedure of showing an eyewitness each individual in the group separately rather than together in a simultaneous line.
Social cognition
the study of how information about people is processed and stored.
Spreading activation
the process by which the use of one schema increases the likelihood that other, related schemas in memory will also be used.
Stereotype
a set of characteristics that a perceiver associates with members of a group
Upward counterfactual thoughts
reflections on how past events might have turned out better.
About this deck
By: Michaela Askew
Created: 2011-02-02
Size: 34 flashcards
Views: 5
Created: 2011-02-02
Size: 34 flashcards
Views: 5
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“I have been getting MUCH better grades on all my tests for school. Flash cards, notes, and quizzes are great on here. Thanks!”
Kathy
Kathy