Chap 12-14
Geology 105 with Kelly at University of Wisconsin - Madison
About this deck
By: Chelsea Rolfzen
Textbook:
Essentials of Oceanography (with OceanographyNOW, InfoTrac 1-Semester Printed Access Card)
Created: 2009-12-15
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 20
Textbook:
Essentials of Oceanography (with OceanographyNOW, InfoTrac 1-Semester Printed Access Card)Created: 2009-12-15
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 20
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Primary producers
Take light energy from the sun using chlorophyll and change it into chemical energy (certain bacteria, algae, green plants). Build simple food (carbs)
Consumers
Animals or other organisms
Photosynthesis
Light energy used to synthesize molecules rich in stored energy.
Chemosynthesis
Converting simple carbon molecules into carbohydrate, using oxidation of inorganic molecules as a source of energy.
-employed by some bacteria and archaea
Primary productivity
the synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic substances by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
Autotrophs
make their own food (dinoflagellates, diatoms, coccolithophorids)
Heterotrophs
organisms, like animals, that must consume food from other organisms because they can't synthesize their own food molecules
Trophic pyramid
feeding hierarchy
How do diatoms reproduce?
Diatoms reproduce by cell division.
When does an AUXOSPORE form?
when diatoms are too small to permit further reproduction.
Photic zone
uppermost layer of the water lit by sun
Euphotic zone
uppermost part of the photic zone where phytoplankton capture more energy than they use to stay alive.
Disphotic zone
Some light but not enough to allow photosynthesis
Aphotic zone
no light, perpetual darkness
What do food webs do?
show feeding relationships and flow of energy through biological communities
Pelagic organisms
live suspended in seawater (plankton and Nekton)
Plankton
drift or swim weakly, going where the ocean goes, unable to move consistently against waves or current flow
Nekton
Pelagic organisms that actively swim
Phytoplankton
Autotrophic plankton. Critical to all life on earth because they contribute hugely to food webs and they generate large amounts of atmospheric oxygen through photosynthesis.
Diatoms
Most productive photosynthetic organism among plankton
Dinoflagellates
single-celled autotrophes
Frustules
perforation patterns through diatoms rigid cell walls
nanoplankton
extraordinarily small phytoplankton (coccolithophorids)
coccolithophorids
tiny single cells covered with discs of calcium carbonate fixed to the outside of their cell walls. Live in brightly lighted areas.
zooplankton
The planktonic organisms that eat the primary producers. (primary consumers)
macroplankton
plankton larger than about 1 cm across
Holoplankton
zooplankton that spends their whole lives in the planktonic community
Meroplankton
Zooplankton that visit planktonic community but later adopt a benthic or nektonic lifestyle
KRILL
Pelagic arthropods (zooplankter) KEYSTONE to Antarctic ecosystem
Foraminifera
Planktonic, they extend long protoplasmic filaments to snare food. Similar to amoeba
Copepods
tiny zooplankton crustaceans nearly microscopic they are most abundant animal on earth
Prochlorococcus
dominates the photosynthetic picoplankton of the world ocean
Equatorial upwelling
influence primary productivity in surface ocean. As a result, cool, nutritious deep-water rises to the surface.
What are some gelatinous zooplankton?
Pteropods, ctenophore, siphonophore, salps
Commensalism
One organism benefits while the other is not effected (Ramora riding on shark and eat their leftovers and get protection)
Mutualism
Both organisms benefit ( clown fish immune to anemones' sting finds shelter while bringing food to its host)
Parasitism
One organism benefits while the other is harmed (Isopods suck bodily fluids out of "host" fish)
What is crucial to coral reefs?
zooxanthellae because it removes metabolic waste. Loss in it inhibits coral calcification and typically results in death of coralline host
what is the optimal environment for zooxanthellae?
warm, clear, sunlit waters
what are the factors contributing to the demise of corals?
bleaching, overfishing, deforestation, fertilizers, herbicides, industrial effluents, coastal development, tourism
Kelp
Form forests along coasts. Provide shelter for juvenile fish
What are some keystone organisms in the ocean?
Sea otters and krill
pteropod
a form of snail without a shell, although some do secrete tiny shells composed of aragonite (a type of calcium carbonate)
salps
An interesting characteristic of these primary consumers is that they filter phytoplankton from water pumped through their bodies.
what do scientists call coral?
Many scientists consider coral reefs to be one massive, ?symbiotic super-organism? because of the numerous intricate interspecies relationships found within this remarkable ecosystem.
Polyp
body of coral
what is zooxanthellae?
dinoflagellates that live within the outer tissues of coral polyps.
About this deck
By: Chelsea Rolfzen
Textbook: Essentials of Oceanography (with OceanographyNOW, InfoTrac 1-Semester Printed Access Card)
Created: 2009-12-15
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 20
Textbook:
Essentials of Oceanography (with OceanographyNOW, InfoTrac 1-Semester Printed Access Card)Created: 2009-12-15
Size: 47 flashcards
Views: 20
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
Think of it as a digital backpack™: access to all of your study materials online and on your phone.
STUDYBLUE exists to make studying efficient and effective for every student, for free. Join us.
“Simply amazing. The flash cards are smooth, there are many different types of studying tools, and there is a great search engine. I praise you on the awesomeness.”
Dennis
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