Chapter 09 Nominations and Campaigns

StudyBlue printing of Chapter 09 Nominations and Campaigns html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; outline: 0; font-size: 100%; background: transparent; } body { line-height: 1; } blockquote, q { quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none; } /* remember to define focus styles! */ :focus { outline: 0; } /* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */ ins { text-decoration: none; } del { text-decoration: line-through; } /* tables still need 'cellspacing="0"' in the markup */ table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* end RESET */ .header { min-width:800px; } .logo { padding:6px 20px 2px 20px; margin:0; font-size:25px; font-weight:bold; color:#808285; position:relative; border-bottom: 1px solid #c5c5c5; } .logo-blue { color:#70adc4; } .logo-desc { font-weight:normal; font-size:19px; color:#cccccc; margin-top:50px; position:absolute; display: none; } .back-button { position:absolute; top:20px; right:20px; font-size:13px; line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,175,225); font-weight:normal; } .back-button a { color:rgb(0,175,225); } .instructions { padding:0; margin:0; width:100%; position:relative; color:rgb(100,100,100); } .step-holder { border-left:1px solid #ededed; margin-left:20px; } .steps { padding:15px 0; float:left; width:24%; border-right:1px solid #ededed; text-align:center; } .steps-01 { } .steps-02 { } .steps-03 { } .steps-04 { } .label { padding:5px 10px; } .print-button { } .print-button a { background-color:rgb(0,175,225); color:white; line-height: 19px; padding:9px 8px 5px 30px; font-size:14px; text-decoration:none; background-image: url(images/printer.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 7px 50%; -moz-border-radius: 5px; -webkit-border-radius: 5px; } .print-button a:hover { background-color:black; } .theNote .content { width: 8.0in !important; margin: 5px auto; padding:20px; background-color:white; } .theNote .header { border-bottom: 1px dashed #C8C8C8; font-size: 17px; padding: 0 0 10px; line-height: 19px; color: #00ADE1; min-width:500px; } .theNote .body { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 10px 0; } .theNote{ padding:6px 0; clear:both; background-color: rgb(200,200,200); } .theNote h3{ color: rgb(100,100,100); } .theNote h1, .theNote h3{ background-color:white; padding:2px 20px; width:8.0in !important; margin: 0 auto; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1{ padding-top: 10px; font-size: 15px; } .theNote h1:first-child{ font-size: 20px; } .theNote h3 { font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; } #options { border: 3px double #ccc; padding: 5px 12px; margin: 10px 50px 10px 20px; float: left; } #info { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; padding-top: 5px; font-style: italic; } li { margin: 5px 10px 5px 25px; } ul li { list-style: disc; } ol li { list-style: decimal; } img { border: 0; } table { clear: both; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #c5c5c5; border-width: 1px 0; margin: 0; page-break-after: always; } table#page { page-break-after: auto; } td { text-align: center; font-size: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #c5c5c5; height: 1.75in; width: 50%; padding-left: 15px; } .leftside { border-right: 1px solid #cccccc; padding: 0 15px 0 0; } .bottom td { border-bottom: none; } .clearfix { clear:both; line-height:1px; height:1px; } img { max-width:80%; max-height:150px; margin:20px; } @media print {.header { display: none; } .content .header{ display:inherit; } table { border: 1px dashed #bbb; border-width: 1px 0; } .theNote{ background-color:white; } } Chapter 09 Nominations and Campaigns CHAPTER 9 NOMINATIONS AND CAMPAIGNS CHAPTER OUTLINE I. Introduction (pp. 277–287) A. Campaigning for any major office is a massive undertaking. B. Someone somewhere is always running for office in the United States. II. The Nomination Game (pp. 278–287) A. Introduction 1. A nomination is a party's official endorsement of a candidate for office. 2. Campaign strategy is the way in which candidates attempt to manipulate money, media, and momentum to achieve the nomination. B. Deciding to Run C. Competing for Delegates: The goal of the nomination game is to win the majority of delegates' support at the national party convention. 1. The Caucus Road a. A caucus is a meeting of state party leaders. b. Caucuses usually are organized like a pyramid. 2. The Primary Road a. In presidential primaries, voters in a state go to the polls and vote for a candidate or delegates pledged to one. b. The McGovern-Fraser Commission had a mandate to make Democratic Party conventions more representative. c. The proliferation of presidential primaries has transformed politics. d. Politicians who are awarded convention seats on the basis of their position are known as superdelegates. e. More states have moved their primaries up in the calendar in order to capitalize on media attention (frontloading). 3. Evaluating the Primary and Caucus System a. Disproportionate attention goes to the early caucuses and primaries. b. Prominent politicians find it difficult to take time out from their duties to run. c. Money plays too big a role in the caucuses and primaries. d. Participation in primaries and caucuses is low and unrepresentative. e. The system gives too much power to the media. D. The Convention Send-off 1. Conventions are no longer dramatic; the winner is a foregone conclusion. 2. Conventions orchestrate a massive send-off for the candidates. 3. Conventions develop the party's policy positions (party platform) and promote representation. VIII. The Campaign Game (pp. 287–291) A. The High-Tech Media Campaign 1. The Internet and candidate websites have contributed greatly to campaigning and fundraising. 2. The technique of direct mail helps identify potential supporters and contributors. 3. Candidates use their advertising budget. 4. Candidates get free attention as newsmakers. B. Organizing the Campaign 1. Get a campaign manager. 2. Get a fund-raiser. 3. Get a campaign counsel. 4. Hire media and campaign consultants. 5. Assemble a campaign staff. 6. Plan the logistics. 7. Get a research staff and policy advisors. 8. Hire a pollster. 9. Get a good press secretary. 10. Establish a Web site. IV. Money and Campaigning (pp. 292–298) A. The Maze of Campaign Finance Reforms 1. The Federal Election Campaign Act was passed in 1974. a. It created the Federal Election Commission (FEC). b. It created the Presidential Election Campaign Fund. c. It provided partial public financing for presidential primaries (matching funds). d. It provided full public financing for major party candidates in the general election. e. It required full disclosure. f. It limited contributions. g. 1979 amendments placed no limits on soft money. h. The McCain-Feingold Act (2002) banned soft money, increased the amounts individuals could contribute, and barred certain “issue ads.” i. 527 groups are not subject to contribution restrictions because they do not directly seek the election of particular candidates. B. The Proliferation of Political Action Committees (PACs) C. Are Campaigns Too Expensive? V. The Impact of Campaigns (p. 298) A. Campaigns have three potential effects: reinforcement, activation, and conversion. B. Factors that weaken campaigns' impact on voters include: selective perception, party identification, and incumbency. VI. Understanding Nominations and Campaigns (pp. 298–300) A. Are Nominations and Campaigns Too Democratic? B. Do Big Campaigns Lead to an Increased Scope of Government? VII. Summary (p. 300)