Chapter 1
AP Biology with Mcglashan at Wells High School
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Adaptation
Organism's modificatiopn in sructure, function, or behavior suitable to the emviroment
Animal
Multicellular, heterotrophic organism belonging to the kingdom Animalia
Binomial Nomenclature
Scientific name of an organism, first partin the genus second part designates the specific epithet
Biodiversity
Total number of species, the variability of their genes, and the communities in which they live
Biology
Scientific study of life
Biosphere
Zone of air, land, and water at the surface of the Earth in which living organisms are found
Cell
Smallest unit that displays the properties of life; composed of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane
Class
One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; class is the taxon above the order level
Community
Assemblage of populations interacting with one another within the same enviroment
Conclusion
Statement made following and experiment as to whether or not the results support the hypothesis
Control
Sample that goes through all the steps of an experiment but does not contain the variable being tested; a standard against which are the results of an experiment are checked
Data
Facts or information collected through observation and /or experimentation
Deductive Reasoning
Process of logic and reasoning, using "if...then" statements
Domain
Largest of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
Domain Archaea
One of the three domains of life; contains prokaryotic cells that often live in extreme habitats and have unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics; its members are sometimes referred to Archaea
Domain Bacteria
One of the three domains of life; contains prokaryotic cells that are different tht Archaea because they have there own unique genetic, biochemical, and phisiological characteristics
Domain Eukarya
One of the three domains of life; consistng of organisms with eukaryotic cells and further classified into kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
Ecosystem
Biological community together with the associated abiotic enviroment; characterized by a flow of energy and a cycling of inorganic nutrients
Emergent Property
Quality that appears as biological complexity increases
Energy
Capacity to do work and bring about change; occurs in a variety of forms
Evolution
Desent of organisms from common ancestors with the development of genetic and phenotypic changes over time that make them more suited to the enviroment
Experiment
Artificial situation devised to test a hypothesis
Experiment Design
Methodology by which an experiment will seek support the hypothesis
Experimental Variable
Factor of the experiment being tested
Extinction
Total disappearance of a species, or a higher group
Family
One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above the genu level
Fungus
Saprotrophic decomposer; the body is made up of filaments called hyphae that form a mass called a myceium
Gene
Unit of heredity existing as alleles on the chromosomes; in diploid organisms, typically two alleles are inherited (one from each parent)
Genus
One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; contains those species that are most closely related through evolution
Homeostasis
Maintenance of normal internal conditions in a cell or an organism by means or self-regulating mechanisms
Hypothesis
Supposition established by reasoning ater consideration of availibe evidence; it can be tested by obtaining more data, often by experimentation
Inductive Reasoning
Using specific observations and the process of logic and reasoning to arrive at a hypothesis
Kingdom
One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above phylum
Law
Theory that is often accepted by an overwelming number of scientists; also called a law
Metabolism
All of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell during growth and repair
Model
Simulation of process that aids conceptual understanding until the process can be studied firsthand; a hypothesis that describes how a particular process could possibly be carried out
Multicellular
Organism compound of many cells; usually has organized tissues, organs, and organ systems
Natural Selection
Mechanism of evlution caused by enviromental selection of organisms most fit to reproduce; results in adaptation to the enviroment
Observation
Step in the scientific method by ehich data are collocted before a conclusion is drawn
Order
One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above the family level
Organism
Individual living thing
Phenomenon
Observable event
Photosynthesis
Process occuring when chloroplasts whereby chlorophyl-containing organelles trap solar energy to reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrate
Phylum
One of the catergories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above the class level
Plant
Multicellular, usually photosynthetic, organism belonging to the plant kingdom
Population
Group of organisms in the same species occupying a certain area and sharing a same gene pool
Prediction
Step of the scientific process that follows the formulation of a hypothesisand assists in creating the experimental design
Princible
Theory that is generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists; also called a law
Protist
Member of the kingdom Protista
Reproduce
To produce an individual of the same kind
Responding Variable
Result or change that occurs when an experimental variable is utilized in an experiment
Scientific Process
Process in which scientists, gather data by observation and experimentation, and come to a conclusion
Scientific Theory
Concept supported by a broad range of observations, experiments, and come to a conclusion
Species
Group of similary constructed organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring; organisms that share a common gene pool; the texon at the lowest level of classification
Taxonomy
Branch of biology concerned with identifying, describing, and naming organisms
Unicellular
Made up as in a single cell, as in bacteria
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