Chapter 1
Political Science 71 with Carlson at University of Vermont
About this deck
By: Brian Unger
Created: 2011-09-05
Size: 83 flashcards
Views: 5
Created: 2011-09-05
Size: 83 flashcards
Views: 5
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Abstract review
The power of judicial review that allows courts to decide on questions that do not arise from actual legal cases; sometimes occurs even before legislation becomes law.
Anarchism
An ideology believing that private property and capitalism lead to inequality, but, like liberals, anarchists place high value on individual political freedom.
authoritarian regimes
Regimes that limit the role of the public in decision making and often deny citizens basic rights and restrict their freedom.
Bicameral Legislatures
Legislatures with two chambers.
Cabinet
The chief government ministers or officials in government, in charge of such policy areas as defense, agriculture etc.
Charismatic legitimacy
States that are considered legitimate because of their identification with an important individual.
Civil Society
Organizations outside of the state that help people define and advance their own interests.
clientelism
The state provides benefits to groups of its political supporters.
Communism
An ideology that places the emphasis on creating economic equality instead of individual political and economic freedoms
Communist Regimes
A type of one-party authoritarian regime, in which a Communist party controls most aspects of a country's political and economic system.
comparative politics
The study and comparison of politics across countries.
concrete review
The power of allowing the high court to rule on constitutional issues only on the basis of disputes brought before it.
conservative attitudes
Support the status quo and view change as risky.
constitutional court
The highest judicial body that rules on the constitutionality of laws and other government actions, and, in most political systems, formally oversees the entire judicial structure.
co-optation
When members of the public are brought into a beneficial relationship with the state and government
corporatism
When citizens are forced to participate in state-sanctioned groups.
democratic regimes
Regimes with rules that emphasize a large role for the public in governance and protect basic rights and freedoms
devolution
When central states hand power down to lower levels of government
electoral system
The system that determines how votes are cast and counted
ethnicity
The specific attributes and society groups that make one group of people culturally different from others
Executive
The branch of government that carries out the laws and policies of a given state
failed states
States that experience a complete loss of legitimacy and power, and are overwhelmed by anarchy and violence
Fascism
An ideology that is hostile to the idea of individual freedom and rejects the notion of equality
Federal states
States whose power is divided between the central state and regional or local authorities (such as states, provinces, counties and cities.)
foreign direct investment
The purchase of assets in one country by a foreign firm
GDP per capita
A measure of affluence that divides Gross Domestic Product by total population
Gini index
The most commonly used measure of economic inequality
globalization
The process of expanding and intensifying linkages among states, societies and economies
government
The leadership or elite that operates the state
GDP
The total market value of goods and services produced within a country over a period of one year
head of government
The individual who deals with everyday tasks of running the states, such as formulating and executing policy
head of state
The individual who symbolizes and represents the people, both nationally and internationally, embodying and articulating the goals of the regime
hyperinflation
Extremely high levels of inflation
illiberal regime
Authoritarian regime that retains the basic structures of democracy but does not protect basic civil liberties
inflation
A situation of sustained rising prices
Intergovernmental organizations (IGO)
Groups created by states to serve particular policy ends
judicial review
The mechanism by which the court can review laws and policies and overturn those that are seen as violations of the constitution
judiciary
The branch of a country's central administration that is concerned with dispensing justic
legislative-executive relations
The relationship between legislatures and the executive
legislature
The branch of government that is formally charged with making laws
legitimacy
The extent to which the state's authority is regarded as right and proper
liberal attitudes
promote evolutionary change within the system
liberalism
Ideology that places a high priority on individual political and economic freedoms, favoring them over any attempts to create economic equality
lower house
The legislative house that usually represents the population at large
market
the interaction between the forces of supply and demand that allocate goods and resources
military regime
Authoritarian regime in which the institution of the military dominates politics
mixed electoral system
Electoral system that combines single-member districts and proportional representation
multimember districts (MMD)
When more than one legislative seat is contested in each electoral district
multinational corporations (MNC)
firms that produce, distribute and market in more than one country
national identity
The extent to which citizens of a country are bound together by a common set of political aspirations
one-party regime
Authoritarian regime that is dominate by a strong political party that is able to create a broad membership as a source of political control
party system
The nature of and competition among political parties
personal dictatorship
Authoritarian regime that is based on the power of a single strong leader who usually relies on charismatic or traditional authority to maintain power
personality cult
The state-sponsored exaltation of an authoritarian leader
political attitudes
Views regarding the status quo in any society, specifically the desired pace and methods of political change
political culture
patterns of basic norms about politics
political economy
The study of how politics and economics are related
political ideologies
Sets of political value regarding fundamental goals or politics
political regimes
The norms and rules regarding individual freedom and collective equality, the locus of power, and the use of that power
presidential system
Legislative-executive systems that features a directly elected president with most executive powers
parliamentary system
Legislative-executive system that features a head of government (prime minister) elected from within the legislature
property
the idea of ownership of goods and services
proportional representation (PR)
An electoral system where the percentage of votes a party receives in a district determines how many of that districts' seats the party will gain
public goods
Goods and services that benefit all of society and that are not easily provided by the market
purchasing power parity (PPP)
A mechanism that attempts to estimate the real buying power of income in each country, using United States prices as a benchmark
radical attitudes
Support rapid, extensive, and often revolutionary change
rational-legal legitimacy
Legitimacy based on a system of laws and procedures that become highly institutionalized
reactionary attitudes
Promote rapid change to restore political, social and economic institutions that once existed
rent seeking
A process where the government allows its supporters to occupy positions of power in order to monopolize state benefits
semi-presidential system
Legislative-executive system that features a prime minister approved by the legislature and a directly elected president
single-member district (SMD)
The electoral system in which only one representative for each constituency and the candidate with the largest number of votes- and not necessarily a majority- wins the seat
social democracy
An ideology that places considerable value on equality, but also attempts to protect some individual freedoms
social expenditures
State provision of public benefits, such as education, healthcare and transportation
states
organizations that maintain a monopoly of violence over a territory
strong states
States that perform the basic tasks of defending their borders from outside attacks and defending their authority from internal non-state rivals
suffrage
the right to vote
theocracy
Authoritarian regime that has leaders who claim to rule on behalf of God
totalitarian
Authoritarian regimes that feature a strong, official ideology that seeks to transform fundamental aspects of the state, society and economy using a wide array of organizations and the application of forces
traditional legitimacy
when the state is obeyed because it has a long tradition of being obeyed
unicameral legislatures
legislatures with a single chamber
unitary states
States that concentrate most political power in the national capital, allocating very little decision-making power to regions or localities
upper house
The legislative house that often represents geographic subunits
weak states
States the have trouble carrying out the basic tasks of defending themselves against external and internal rivals, and ofter suffer from endemic violence, poor infrastructure, weak rule of law, and an inability to collect taxes
About this deck
By: Brian Unger
Created: 2011-09-05
Size: 83 flashcards
Views: 5
Created: 2011-09-05
Size: 83 flashcards
Views: 5
About StudyBlue
STUDYBLUE makes things that make you better at school.
Things like online flashcards with photos and audio.
Things like personalized quizzes and friendly reminders about when (and what) to study next.
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“I have used this website for three exams, and I see a huge difference in my test results.”
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